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Showing posts with label Kurds. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kurds. Show all posts

Thursday, October 16, 2014

Kurdish Y-DNA Part XI

Today, I want to present the Y-chromosome haplogroups of Kurds. The chart below needs to taken with a grain of salt because not all areas of Kurdistan are equally covered, because some publications might have some errors (e.g. Stenersen et al., 2004, Nasidze et al., 2005), and because older publication did not test for all critical SNPs to determine all major haplogroups. Nevertheless, I think it is fair to say that the main Y-chromosome haplogroups in Kurds are J, R, and E (total 76.6%).



Update of Kurdish Y haplogroups (N=745):

Used publications:
Nebel et al., 2001
Wells et al., 2001
Stenersen et al., 2004
Nasidze et al., 2005
Gokcumen et al., 2011
Grugni et al., 2012
Malyarchuk et al., 2013
Cristofaro et al., 2013
Sabitov et al., 2014

Haplogroup C
1x C-RPS4Y (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x C-RPS4Y (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C-RPS4Y (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C2e1b2 (Kurd, Sabitov et al., 2014; same as FTDNA N114310 Jamil Alkurdi 1880-1968)

Haplogroup E
31x E a.k.a. hg21  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
7x E a.k.a. hg21 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
3x E-YAP (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x E-YAP (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005) 
3x E-SRY4064 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
5x E1b (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
12x E1b1 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Kurmanji Sunni originaly from Hakkari/Mardin region)   
8x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Kurmanji from paternally Agri, Erzurum, Kars/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x E1b1b1a1c-V22 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x E1b1b1c-V13 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


Haplogroup F
2x F-M89 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
6x F-M89 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup G
2x G1-M285 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G1-M285 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x G-M201 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x G-M201 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x G-M201 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x G-M201 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
2x G2* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x G2a* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G2a (Alevi Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x G2a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x G2a-P15 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

16x G+I a.k.a. hg2 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
10x G+I a.k.a. hg2  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)

Haplogroup H
1x H1-M52  (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001) 
1x H1-M52  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x H1a-M82 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup I
4x I-M170 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
9x I-M170 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
14x I-M170 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x I-M170 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x I2-M438 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x I2a2a-M223 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*; Z161+, L1228-, L1229-, L1230-, L1226-, L699-, L701-, L702-, L703-, L704-, M379-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x I2a2b-L38 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)

Haplogroup J (J1+J2)
15x J-12f2 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
83x J a.k.a. hg9  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)

Haplogroup J1
1x J1 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu10) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x J1 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
19x J1-M267 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J1-M267 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1-M267* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1 (Z2223+)  (Alevi with Zaza ancestry from Dersim; E11334 (Suleyman Efendi 19th century Askale Erzurum, Turkey))
1x J1 ( L817+ L818+ L816-; Kurd from Turkey; N91920 (Kurdish Serzer, 1805 - 1846, Turkey))
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Alevi Kurmanji from Sivas and Erzincan)

1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)  
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Sorani from Iran)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Iraq) 
2x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1a2b-Page8 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J1b2b2 (L147.1+, L222.2-, L92-, L93-, M267+; N88767 (Sulaymania, Iraq (Kurdistan) of sharif descent)


Haplogroup J2
20x J2 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
27x J2 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu9) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x J2-M172 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)     
29x J2-M172 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)  
1x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Sivas/Turkey)
1x J2a*-M410 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a-M410* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x J2a1*-Page55 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x J2a1-Page55 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a-M47 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1a-M322 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a (J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi from Iraq)
4x J2a1b*-M67 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1b*-M67 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x J2a1b1-M92 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
4x J2a1h-M530 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1h-M530 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup L
2x L a.k.a. hg28 (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x L a.k.a. hg28 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x L-M11* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x L-M20 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x L-M20 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x L1-M76  (M295; Kurd from Iran, originally from Amed region)
1x L1a-M76  (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x L1a-M76 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1b-M317 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1c-M357 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup P
1x P-M45 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)

Haplogroup Q
1x Q  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)

Haplogroup R1
1x R1*-M173 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)

Haplogroup R1a
1x R1a (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
11x R1a a.k.a. hg3(Eu19) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
4x R1a a.k.a. hg3  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x R1a*(L62+, L63+, SRY10831.2-, M17-) (Yezidi Kurd from Georgia)
7x R1a1a-M17 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R1a1a-M17 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)
12x R1a1a-M17 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x R1a1a-M198/M17 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor) 
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji Sunni from Sirnak/Hasankeyf/Nisebin/Mardin/Kamishli)

1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-, Z2122-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, Z282+, Z284-, M458-, Z280-, subclade 3  only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep (now in Konya area)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Kurdistan-Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Kurdistan-Iraq)
1x R1a1a* (Kurd from Rojhelat, Iran; paternally from Kalakajar outside Tikab and maternally from Sine)

Haplogroup R1b?
3x R1-M173 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x R1-M173 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x R1-M173 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup R1b
2x R1b-M343 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x R1b-M343 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
13x R1b-M343 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x R1b1a2*-M269 (Kurmanji from Zakho/Iraq)
2x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Lebanon, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Kurd from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Kurd from Turkey)
2x R1b1a2a-L23 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x R1b1b2a1a-L52,P311,L11,P310 (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan/Turkey)

16x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
54x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)


Haplogroup R2
1x R2 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
7x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x R2a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R2a (3/4 Zaza from Bingol; 1/4 Kurmanji from Bitlis)

Haplogroup T
11x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x T a.k.a. hg26 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x T a.k.a. hg26  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x T (Sorani from Koysinjaq/Iraq) 
2x T-M184 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x T1a-M70 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
5x T1a-M70 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IX
Kurdish Y-DNA Part X 

Sunday, October 27, 2013

Kurdish Y-DNA Part X

Just an update of Kurdish Y haplogroups (N=529):

Used publications:
Nebel et al., 2001
Wells et al., 2001
Stenersen et al., 2004
Nasidze et al., 2005
Gokcumen et al., 2011
Grugni et al., 2012
Malyarchuk et al., 2013
Cristofaro et al., 2013

Haplogroup C
1x C-RPS4Y (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x C-RPS4Y (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C-RPS4Y (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)


Haplogroup E
7x E a.k.a. hg21 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
3x E-YAP (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x E-YAP (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005) 
3x E-SRY4064 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
5x E1b (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
12x E1b1 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012) 
8x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Kurmanji from paternally Agri, Erzurum, Kars/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x E1b1b1a1c-V22 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x E1b1b1c-V13 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


Haplogroup F
2x F-M89 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
6x F-M89 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup G
2x G1-M285 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G1-M285 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x G-M201 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x G-M201 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x G-M201 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x G-M201 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
2x G2* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x G2a* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G2a (Alevi Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x G2a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x G2a-P15 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

16x G+I a.k.a. hg2 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)

Haplogroup H
1x H1-M52  (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001) 
1x H1-M52  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x H1a-M82 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup I
4x I-M170 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
9x I-M170 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
14x I-M170 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x I-M170 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x I2-M438 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x I2a2a-M223 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*; Z161+, L1228-, L1229-, L1230-, L1226-, L699-, L701-, L702-, L703-, L704-, M379-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x I2a2b-L38 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)

Haplogroup J (J1+J2)
15x J-12f2 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)

Haplogroup J1
1x J1 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu10) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x J1 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
19x J1-M267 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J1-M267 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1-M267* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1 (Z2223+)  (Alevi with Zaza ancestry from Dersim; E11334 (Suleyman Efendi 19th century Askale Erzurum, Turkey))
1x J1 ( L817+ L818+ L816-; Kurd from Turkey; N91920 (Kurdish Serzer, 1805 - 1846, Turkey))
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)  
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Sorani from Iran)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Iraq) 
2x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1a2b-Page8 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J1b2b2 (L147.1+, L222.2-, L92-, L93-, M267+; N88767 (Sulaymania, Iraq (Kurdistan) of sharif descent)


Haplogroup J2
20x J2 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
27x J2 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu9) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x J2-M172 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)     
29x J2-M172 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J2 (Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2 (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)  
1x J2 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x J2 (Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x J2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2a*-M410 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a-M410* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x J2a1*-Page55 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x J2a1-Page55 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a-M47 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1a-M322 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a (J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi from Iraq)
4x J2a1b*-M67 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1b*-M67 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x J2a1b1-M92 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
4x J2a1h-M530 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1h-M530 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup L
1x L a.k.a. hg28 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x L-M11* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x L-M20 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x L-M20 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x L1a-M76  (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x L1a-M76 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1b-M317 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1c-M357 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup P
1x P-M45 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)

Haplogroup Q
1x Q  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)

Haplogroup R1
1x R1*-M173 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)

Haplogroup R1a
1x R1a (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
11x R1a a.k.a. hg3(Eu19) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x R1a*(L62+, L63+, SRY10831.2-, M17-) (Yezidi Kurd from Georgia)
7x R1a1a-M17 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R1a1a-M17 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)
12x R1a1a-M17 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x R1a1a-M198/M17 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor) 
1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-, Z2122-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, Z282+, Z284-, M458-, Z280-, subclade 3  only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep (now in Konya area)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)

Haplogroup R1b?
3x R1-M173 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x R1-M173 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x R1-M173 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup R1b
2x R1b-M343 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x R1b-M343 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
13x R1b-M343 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x R1b1a2*-M269 (Kurmanji from Zakho/Iraq)
2x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Lebanon, originally from Dersim)
2x R1b1a2a-L23 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x R1b1b2a1a-L52,P311,L11,P310 (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan/Turkey)

16x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)


Haplogroup R2
1x R2 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
7x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x R2a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R2a (3/4 Zaza from Bingol; 1/4 Kurmanji from Bitlis)

Haplogroup T
11x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x T a.k.a. hg26 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x T (Sorani from Koysinjaq/Iraq) 
2x T-M184 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x T1a-M70 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
5x T1a-M70 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IX

Sunday, August 5, 2012

Whole Genome Analysis of Kurds (930K SNPs) Part 1

Today, I want to present my first approach to analyze the whole genome of 16 Kurdish participants and their genetic relationships based on 930K SNPs. Others analyzed Kurds, too, but they focused on the SNPs that could be compared to raw data of scientific data. I used all available SNPs from chromosome 1-22. Additionally, measured the distance of two individuals by counting the SNPs that are completely different for both alleles, e.g. AA vs CC or AA vs TT but not AC vs AA. About 6.1% (5.7%-7.3%) of the SNPs between Kurds are completely different.
I visualized these results by using a rooted ReticulateNetwork (EqualAngle180) from SplitsTree.


It is clearly visible that KD011/KD012 and KD10/KD014 are closely related. Interestingly, people from the Dersim region (Alevi Kurmanji and Zaza) are the closest to the root of the network of the Kurds.
As you can see the other differences aren't that great this is why I zoomed into the center (see below).
 Most of the cross-connections show how these individuals are distantly related to each other.

Dodecad K12b visualization:

I used the same visualization method (ReticulateNetwork (EqualAngle180) from SplitsTree) for the adjusted distances of Dodecad K12b ADMIXTURE results. The goal is to compare the approach presented above with ADMIXTURE Euclidean distances.


ADMIXTURE is "annotating" and grouping the SNPs into a defined number of components and then it compares the components, not the SNPs themselves. Thus, ADMIXTURE cannot "see" shared DNA segments==> ADMIXTURE does not pick up that KD011 and KD012 are closely related; it also does not pick up that KD010 and KD014 are closely related.
However, ADMIXTURE can "see" overall similarities in the genome and can group based on that. Again, people Alevi Kurmanji and Zazas are the closest to the root of the network of the Kurds.