Enattah et al., 2008: Convergence of lactase persistence

Today, I want to dig a little bit more into the genetics of lactase persistence. The goal is still to identify unknown MCM6 haplotypes in Middle Eastern populations that could lead to lactose tolerance and to identify the root of the known MCM6 haplotypes that result in lactase persistence.
Previously, I postulated the following phylogentic tree for the MCM6 gene (based on 23andme data):

I used genetic data from Enattah et al., 2008 and identified 9 SNP of MCM6 that are also tested at 23andme. Based on these 9 SNPs I identified ht1-6, the Saudi-Arabian lactase persistence (ht8), the East African lactase persistence (ht13), and several more. You can download the table here.

In the table above it becomes obvious that Saudi-Arabian lactase persistence (ht8) is derived from ht5, both share "C" at rs4988243. The European lactase persistence (ht3) is derived from ht2, and the East African lactase persistence (ht15) is derived from ht1.

From the paper, Enattah et al., 2008:

The European T(-13910) and the earlier identified East African G(-13907) LP allele share the same ancestral background and most likely the same history, probably related to the same cattle domestication event. In contrast, the compound Arab allele shows a different, highly divergent ancestral haplotype, suggesting that these two major global LP alleles have arisen independently, the latter perhaps in response to camel milk consumption. These results support the convergent evolution of the LP in diverse populations, most probably reflecting different histories of adaptation to milk culture.

Previously, I showed that Kurds, Iraqi Jews and Pakistanis have ht2. Now, I could show that ht2 is also present in Arabs from the Middle East and the Kalash. I determined frequencies of these haplotypes based on data from Enattah et al., 2008. 
I also added the Kurdish data to this table. You can download the table here:

In Eurasia, the vast majority are ht1 to ht6. In Africa, the MCM6 gene is more diverse.
Not surprisingly, Kurds show similarities with Iranians in their MCM6 repertoire and frequencies.

Since these haplotypes are just based on 9 SNPs they are less reliable, I decided to expand the number of SNPs gradually. To define further SNPs of the Saudi-Arabian lactase persistence I asked several Saudi-Arabians to participate in a small survey. I could confirm that the Saudi-Arabian lactase persistence (ht8) is derived from ht5 and correlates with the expected phenotype (=lactose tolerant). I also observed ht13 in one individual and added both data (ht8 and ht13) in the expanded list of SNPs that can be checked on 23andme. The other haplotypes are extracted (ht9-12, ht14-18) are extracted from Enattah et al., 2008.

You can download the table here:

Related post: 
Lactose intolerance: Six MCM6 variants in the Kurdish gene pool / Why 22018A is strongly, but not completely related to lactase persistence 

Lactose Tolerance

Kurdish mtDNA data XII

Just an update (N=207):

1x B4b1a (Kurd from Turkey) 

1x C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x C4b (=C4b+A248G, A14566G, T16519C, A249A (not deleted)) (Alevi Kurmanji)

1x C5c1 (C5c1b based on Derenko et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KC911629) A249DEL, T3552A, A9545G, G11914A,  A13263G, T14318C, C16327T, 595.1C, T16288C, T10454C, G16518T, C16527T, C16234T, 315.1C, G7521A, C9431A, T11465C, T16519C (Kurd from Baneh/Iran; Derenko et al., 2013)

2x D (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x D4 T16090C/T, T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

2x D4 T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007

1x F1b1 (F1b1* based on Derenko et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KC911336) T152C, C10976T, C12633T, G14476A, T16189C, C16232A, T16249C 16311C, T204C, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL,  C3533T, A8718G,  G13759A, 15398G, A16183C, T16519C (Kurd from Kermanshah/Iran; Derenko et al., 2013)

1x G2a (=G2a+T16172C) (Sorani)

8x H (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x H CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

6x H (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

2x H with T16311C  (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x H T16209C, 44.1C, T57C, A93G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x H G16129A, C16248T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x H CRS, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007) 

1x H with C16218T (=H1ag1a or H1aq1 or H20) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x H with C16192R, C16261T (similar to: JN415470(Italy-LHON) Achilli Haplogroup H 19-AUG-2012 (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x H1 (Kurd from Dersim)

1x H5'36 (Kurd from Turkey)

1x H5  16051G, 16255A, 16304C, 16319A, 16327T, 263G, 315.1C, 456T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   

1x H5a1 (H5a1+T16304G, A3397G, G5471A) (G5471A usually in H5b) (Sorani)

1x H13a2b2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)

1x H13c (H13c2 based on Derenko et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KC911276) G143A, A153G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL, 15406T, G16129A, A16300G  (Kurd from Kermanshah/Iran; Derenko et al., 2013)

1x H13c1 (H13c1+T3398C, T10463C, T15394C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Sivas and Erzincan)

1x H14a with T16311C, C16256T, T16352C (=H14a +T16311C ) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x H14b T3197C (=H14b+C4086T, A16265T) (Yezidi) 

1x H15a1 (=H15a1+309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A15316G) (Sorani; mtDNA fully sequenced here and here)

1x H15b (Sorani)

1x H15b T16086C (close to EU600353(Druze) Shlush)(Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x H20 (3/4 Zaza from Bingol, 1/4 (paternal grandmother) Kurmanji from Bitlis)

5x HV (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x HV* CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x HV* C16174T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x HV C16174T, C41T, A214G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x HV A73G, T391C, G16153A (Kurmanji from Zakho)

1x HV1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T, C150T, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T (=HV1a1) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x HV1b2 (HV1b2+T3398C G13368A, T16519C)(Yezidi Kurd from Georgia)

1x HV2 C16168T, T16189C, T16217C, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x HV2a1 (T246C, C16214T, A16335G (=HV2a1) additional G13708A (Kurmanji Sunni from Sirnak/Hasankeyf/Nisebin/Mardin/Kamishli)

1x HV14 (T480C, G4655A, T15115C =HV14) (Kurmanji from Diyarbakir (Amed)/Turkey)

1x HV14 T16311C, G4655A, T15115C (Sorani from Koysinjaq)

1x I (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x I with G16129A, C16223T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x I1 (I based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245776) T250C, A4529T, G8251A A15924G, G16391A,   T10034C, G16129A, 455.1T, G6734A, G9966A, T16311C, 291.1A, 294.1T, 309.1C, 315.1C, 2244C,   T7705C, T14757C, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x I1a G16129A, C16168T, T16172C, 16173, C16223T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x I1a1d with G16129A, C16223T, T16172C, T16189C, C16083T, C16355T (=I1a1d+C16083T, C16355T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x I5a (Kurd from Turkey)

1x I5a pre-I5a3  because G5231A, A15052G = I5a3 but still C150C, T6278T = I5a; additional   C16301T (Zaza from Dersim)

1x I5a (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)

1x J* (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

2x J1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x J1b C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, C16290T, A73G, A263G, C271T, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

2x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

2x J1b1b1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C    315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL   (very close to JF939049(Armenian)) (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

3x J1b2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x J1b3 (Kurd from Turkey)

1x J1b3 T1822C, A8460G, A16235A, T16311C  (=J1b3+T1822C+T16311C) (Sorani)

1x J1b3b A73G, A263G, C295T, T489C, A750G, A1438G, A2706G, G3010A, T4216C, A4769G, C7028T, G8269A, A8460G, A8860G, A10398G, A11251G, G11719A, A12612G, G13708A, C14766T, A15326G, C15452A, T15530C, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)

1x J1b3b ( Kurd from Dersim)

1x J1b4 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, C16261T,  C16278T, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x J1c (=J1c+G185T, 4812A, C16290T, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)

1x J1c2m (old J1c2a)  C16069T, T16126C, 16148T, A73G, 185A, 228A, A263G, C295T, 315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL  (close to JQ797801 from Romania and  JQ797802 from West-Siberia (Khanty))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)  

1x J1d (=J1d+A15218G, T16519C) (Feyli, originally from Iran)

1x J1d (Kurd from Iraq)

1x J1d3b (=J1d3b+10742G, T11353C, 12425G, T16519C (Kurmanji Alevi from Adıyaman and Gaziantep; now living in Konya area)

1x J2a1a1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16231C, C16261T, A73G, C150T, C152T, T195C, C198T, A215G, C295T, 315.1C, T319C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007

1x J2a1a1 (=J2a1a1+A10044G, G11914A, C16264T)  (Kurd from Turkey)

3x J2b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x J2b1 (Kurd from Iraq/Iran)

1x J2d C16069T, T16126C, C16193T, A73G, C152T, A263G, C295T, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x JT with T16126C, C16067T, T16311C (=JT) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x K (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x K 16129, T16224C, T16311C (= K1a11 or K2b2) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x K with T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

2x K with T16224C, T16311C, T16093C, C16260T (=K1a1+C16260T, or K1a17a+T16093C)(Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16240G (=K+A16240G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16272G (=K+A16272G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x K1a T16093C, T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x K1a9 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x K1b1c (K1b1c based on Derenko et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KC911572) T1189C, A10398G, G5913A, G9962A,   A10289G, C15946T, G94A, G3337A, G11914A, 309.1C, 315.1C, T650C, A5811G, G8545A, T16519C    (Kurd from Mashhad/Iran; Derenko et al., 2013)

1x L3e5 16037G, A16041G, C16223T, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C, T398C, 523DEL, 524DEL (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x M/C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x M1a1 G16129A, 16182C, 16183C, T16189C, C16223T, T16249C, T16311C, T16359C, C16360T, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, T489C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

5x N (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x N1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x N1b1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x N1b1 (=N1b1+C16176C, C1703A, C3921A, G7337A, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)

1x N1b1 with C16223T, G16145A, C16176G (=N1b1) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x N1b1a6 (N1b based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245756) C1703T, C3921A, C4960T, C8472T,   A12822G, G16145A, C9335C, A11362G, C7010T, T8469C, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL,   G7337A, G9133A, A14690G (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x N2a with C16223T, T16086C, G16153A, G16319A (=N2a+T16086C) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x R (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

2x R0 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x R0 16519C, 16524C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x R0 16368C, 16519C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   

1x R2 with C16071T, G16145A, C16234 (=R2 +G16145A+C16234) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x T* T16126C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16249C, C16294T, T16304C, A73G, T146C, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x T1a1'3 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, C16294T, A73G, T152C, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

4x T1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x T1a2b (=T1a2b+C12633T, G5460A, G11914A, T16311C, (T16519C))(Feyli)

1x T1 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)

1x T1 (Kurd from Baneh/Iran)

1x T1a7 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, G16274A, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, A512G  (close to EU935435(Egypt) Kujanova and JQ798027 (Israel))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, C16294T, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007) 

1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, A16247G, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, 152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 524.1A, 524.2C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

3x T2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x T2a1b2b with T16126C, C16294T, C16296T, C16256T, A16317G (=T2a1b2b +A16317G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x T2b (Kurd from Turkey)

1x T2c1 (Kurd from Iran, originally from Amed)

1x U1a'c  A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C, A73G, T146C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C (similar to HM852844(Iranian 9) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U1a'c with A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C (=U1a'c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x U1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x U1a1 A14070A, T16163C (Zaza)

1x U1a1 G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16224C, T16249C, T16288C, C16295T, A73G, C150T, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U1a1 A16183-, 16193.1C, C16193T.2C, T16249C, T72C, A73G, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U1a1a (Sorani) with A11467G,  A12308G,  G12372A, C285T,  T12879C,  A13104G, A14070G, G15148A, A15954C, T16249C, C2218T, G14364A, T16189C, G4991A, G6026A, T7581C, A385G, 3158.1T, G3591A, A13422G, G9575A, C2836T, G4659A, 573.1C, 573.2C, A10283G, (309.1C), (315.1C), (523-), (524-), (16182C), (16183C), (16519C) (=U1a1a; shares C2836T, G4659A mutation with Indian samples HM156682(India) Govindaraj) (fully sequenced here and here)

1x U1b C16111T, 16214A, T16249C, G16319A, C16327T, T16519C, A73G, T146C, T152C, A263G, C285T, 315.1C, 572T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x U2 (Alevi with Zaza ancestry)

1x U2e1a with A16051G, T152C, A508G, A3720G, A5390G, T5426C, C6045T, T6152C, A10876, T13020C, T13734C, A15907G, G16129C, T16362C, C340T, C11197T, T11732C, G7337A, A15218G, T16311C, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)

1x U3 with A16343G (=U3) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x U3a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x U3a with C150T, A14139G,  T15454C, A2294G,  T4703C,  G9266A, T6518A (flip!),  A10506G,  C13934T,  G16390A,  C2766A, 10790C, G16129A, 16257T, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq); (similar to HM852895(Georgian45) Schoenberg also with C2766A)

1x U3b with (U3b+G3591A, C15946T, A16203G, T16311C, T16356C, C4640T (flip!) (Kurmanji Sunni from Hakkari/Mardin) 

1x U3c with A16343G, C16193T, T16249C (=U3c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x U3c C16193T, T16249C, A16343G, G16526A, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C  (close to HM852797(Azeri34) and HM852803(Azeri42) Schoenberg)(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   

1x U4 T16356C, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, G499A, 524.1A, 524.2C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x U5 T16093C, T16189C, C16270T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U5a1 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)

1x U5a1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x U5a1a1 (Sorani, maternally Kurdish from Ardalan)

4x U7 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x U7 (Zaza from Turkey)

1x U7 (Zaza from Dersim)

1x U7 (Kurd from Rojhelat, Iran; paternally from Kalakajar outside Tikab and maternally from Sine)

1x U7 C16069T, A16227G, C16278T, A16318C, T16359C (very close to HM852853(Turk 187) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U7 C16192T, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U7 T16243C, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x U7a A16309G, A16318T, T16519C, A73G, C151T, T152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x U7a2 (U7a2a1 based on Derenko et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KC911509) A16318T, T16519C, A73G, C151T, T152C, A263G, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL, A5265G, T7870C, C12094T, C14533T, G16129A, A16309A, T16519C  (Kurd from Kermanshah/Iran; Derenko et al., 2013)

1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16309G, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C150T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318C, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U7a'5 G16129A, A16318T, A73G, C151T, C152T, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, A73G, G94A, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, C16169T, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U8b C16111T, T16172C, A16183C, T16189C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x U8b (Feyli)

1x U8b (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)

1x W (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)

1x W C16223T, C16292T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x W3 G16153A, C16223T, C16292T, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, T152C, A189G, C194T, T195C, T199C, T204C, G207A, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)

1x W3a1 (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245760) T195C, T204C, G207A, T1243C, A3505G,   G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, T1406C, T15784C, A13263G,   309.1C, 315.1C, G1709A, C10845T, G16244A, T16368C, T16519C    (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W3b (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245757) T195C, T204C, G207A, T1243C, A3505G,   G5460A, G8251A G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, T1406C, T199C, G12923T,    315.1C, T1413C, C1693T, A2258G, G8950A, C11467G, C12063T, C14557T, T14634C, T16519C   (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W3b (Olivieri et al, 2013; mtDNA fully sequenced: KF146279) T195C, T204C, G207A, T1243C, A3505G, G5460A,   G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, T1406C, T199C, G12923T,  315.1C, T4216C, T16519C (Kurdistan, Iran; Olivieri et al, 2013)

1x W4a C16223T, C16292T, C16286T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)

1x W4d (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245758) T195C, T204C, G207G, T1243C, A3505G,   G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, G143A, T196C, C16286C,   C16082T, T119C, T146C, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL, A6977G, C13011T, G13145A,   A15308G, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W6 with C16292T, C16192T, C16223T,  T16324C (=W6) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x W6c with A73G, A189G, C194T, T195C, T204C, G207A, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, C16211T, C16223T, C16292T, T16325C, T16519C (N91920     Kurdish Gule, ≈1850, Ahlat/Kurdistan-Turkey)

1x W6c1a (mtDNA fully sequenced: KF553923) T195C, T204C, G207G, T1243C, A3505G, G5460A, G8251A, G8994A,   A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, A4093G, T8614C, T16325C, C8002T, C8658T, A8149G,   C16211T, 309.1C, 315.1C, C8874T, T16519C (Kurd from Tatvan near Lake Van)

1x W9 (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012; mtDNA fully sequenced: JQ245759) T195C, T204C, G207G, T1243C, A3505G,   G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, C14097T, 309.1C, 315.1C,   523DEL, 524DEL, A5128G, G16129A, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x X with T16189C, C16278T, C16186T (=X+C16186T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)

1x X2e T16124C, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16223C, C16278T, T16325C, A73G, A153G, T195C, A263G, 308.1A, 309.1C, 315.1C, C338T (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

Related post:
mtDNA of Kurds Part I
mtDNA of Kurds Part II
mtDNA of Kurds Part III
mtDNA of Kurds Part IV
mtDNA of Kurds V
Kurdish mtDNA data VI 
Kurdish mtDNA data VII
Kurdish mtDNA data VIII 
Kurdish mtDNA data IX
Kurdish mtDNA data X
Kurdish mtDNA data XI  

Kurdish Y-DNA Part XI

Today, I want to present the Y-chromosome haplogroups of Kurds. The chart below needs to taken with a grain of salt because not all areas of Kurdistan are equally covered, because some publications might have some errors (e.g. Stenersen et al., 2004, Nasidze et al., 2005), and because older publication did not test for all critical SNPs to determine all major haplogroups. Nevertheless, I think it is fair to say that the main Y-chromosome haplogroups in Kurds are J, R, and E (total 76.6%).

Update of Kurdish Y haplogroups (N=745):

Used publications:
Nebel et al., 2001
Wells et al., 2001
Stenersen et al., 2004
Nasidze et al., 2005
Gokcumen et al., 2011
Grugni et al., 2012
Malyarchuk et al., 2013
Cristofaro et al., 2013
Sabitov et al., 2014

Haplogroup C
1x C-RPS4Y (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x C-RPS4Y (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C-RPS4Y (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C2e1b2 (Kurd, Sabitov et al., 2014; same as FTDNA N114310 Jamil Alkurdi 1880-1968)

Haplogroup E
31x E a.k.a. hg21  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
7x E a.k.a. hg21 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
3x E-YAP (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x E-YAP (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005) 
3x E-SRY4064 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
5x E1b (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
12x E1b1 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Kurmanji Sunni originaly from Hakkari/Mardin region)   
8x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Kurmanji from paternally Agri, Erzurum, Kars/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x E1b1b1a1c-V22 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x E1b1b1c-V13 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


Haplogroup F
2x F-M89 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
6x F-M89 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup G
2x G1-M285 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G1-M285 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x G-M201 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x G-M201 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x G-M201 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x G-M201 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
2x G2* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x G2a* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G2a (Alevi Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x G2a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x G2a-P15 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

16x G+I a.k.a. hg2 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
10x G+I a.k.a. hg2  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)

Haplogroup H
1x H1-M52  (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001) 
1x H1-M52  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x H1a-M82 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup I
4x I-M170 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
9x I-M170 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
14x I-M170 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x I-M170 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x I2-M438 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x I2a2a-M223 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*; Z161+, L1228-, L1229-, L1230-, L1226-, L699-, L701-, L702-, L703-, L704-, M379-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x I2a2b-L38 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)

Haplogroup J (J1+J2)
15x J-12f2 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
83x J a.k.a. hg9  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)

Haplogroup J1
1x J1 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu10) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x J1 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
19x J1-M267 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J1-M267 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1-M267* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1 (Z2223+)  (Alevi with Zaza ancestry from Dersim; E11334 (Suleyman Efendi 19th century Askale Erzurum, Turkey))
1x J1 ( L817+ L818+ L816-; Kurd from Turkey; N91920 (Kurdish Serzer, 1805 - 1846, Turkey))
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Alevi Kurmanji from Sivas and Erzincan)

1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)  
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Sorani from Iran)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Iraq) 
2x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1a2b-Page8 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J1b2b2 (L147.1+, L222.2-, L92-, L93-, M267+; N88767 (Sulaymania, Iraq (Kurdistan) of sharif descent)


Haplogroup J2
20x J2 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
27x J2 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu9) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x J2-M172 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)     
29x J2-M172 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)  
1x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2-M172 (Zaza from Sivas/Turkey)
1x J2a*-M410 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a-M410* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x J2a1*-Page55 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x J2a1-Page55 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a-M47 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1a-M322 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a (J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi from Iraq)
4x J2a1b*-M67 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1b*-M67 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x J2a1b1-M92 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
4x J2a1h-M530 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1h-M530 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup L
2x L a.k.a. hg28 (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x L a.k.a. hg28 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x L-M11* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x L-M20 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x L-M20 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x L1-M76  (M295; Kurd from Iran, originally from Amed region)
1x L1a-M76  (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x L1a-M76 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1b-M317 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1c-M357 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup P
1x P-M45 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)

Haplogroup Q
1x Q  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)

Haplogroup R1
1x R1*-M173 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)

Haplogroup R1a
1x R1a (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
11x R1a a.k.a. hg3(Eu19) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
4x R1a a.k.a. hg3  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x R1a*(L62+, L63+, SRY10831.2-, M17-) (Yezidi Kurd from Georgia)
7x R1a1a-M17 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R1a1a-M17 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)
12x R1a1a-M17 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x R1a1a-M198/M17 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor) 
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji Sunni from Sirnak/Hasankeyf/Nisebin/Mardin/Kamishli)

1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-, Z2122-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, Z282+, Z284-, M458-, Z280-, subclade 3  only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep (now in Konya area)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Kurdistan-Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Kurdistan-Iraq)
1x R1a1a* (Kurd from Rojhelat, Iran; paternally from Kalakajar outside Tikab and maternally from Sine)

Haplogroup R1b?
3x R1-M173 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x R1-M173 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x R1-M173 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup R1b
2x R1b-M343 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x R1b-M343 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
13x R1b-M343 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x R1b1a2*-M269 (Kurmanji from Zakho/Iraq)
2x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Lebanon, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Kurd from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Dersim)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Kurd from Turkey)
2x R1b1a2a-L23 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x R1b1b2a1a-L52,P311,L11,P310 (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan/Turkey)

16x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
54x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)


Haplogroup R2
1x R2 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
7x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x R2a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R2a (3/4 Zaza from Bingol; 1/4 Kurmanji from Bitlis)

Haplogroup T
11x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x T a.k.a. hg26 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x T a.k.a. hg26  (Yezidis from Armenia in Yepiskoposian et al., 2006)
1x T (Sorani from Koysinjaq/Iraq) 
2x T-M184 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x T1a-M70 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
5x T1a-M70 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IX
Kurdish Y-DNA Part X 

Fernandes et al., 2012

Today, I want to present Fernandes et al., 2012 and more specifically the mtDNA of six Kurdish Individuals from Turkey described in this paper.



 

1x I1 (I based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245776) T250C, A4529T, G8251A A15924G, G16391A, 

T10034C, G16129A, 455.1T, G6734A, G9966A, T16311C, 291.1A, 294.1T, 309.1C, 315.1C, 2244C, 

T7705C, T14757C, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x N1b1a6 (N1b based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245756) C1703T, C3921A, C4960T, C8472T, 

A12822G, G16145A, C9335C, A11362G, C7010T, T8469C, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL, 

G7337A, G9133A, A14690G (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W3a1 (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245760) T195C, T204C, G207A, T1243C, A3505G, 

G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, T1406C, T15784C, A13263G, 

309.1C, 315.1C, G1709A, C10845T, G16244A, T16368C, T16519C  

(Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W3b (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245757) T195C, T204C, G207A, T1243C, A3505G, 

G5460A, G8251A G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, T1406C, T199C, G12923T,  

315.1C, T1413C, C1693T, A2258G, G8950A, C11467G, C12063T, C14557T, T14634C, T16519C 

(Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W4d (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245758) T195C, T204C, G207G, T1243C, A3505G, 

G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, G143A, T196C, C16286C, 

C16082T, T119C, T146C, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL, A6977G, C13011T, G13145A, 

A15308G, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)

1x W9 (W based on Fernandes et al, 2012 JQ245759) T195C, T204C, G207G, T1243C, A3505G, 

G5460A, G8251A, G8994A, A11947G, G15884C, C16292T, C194T, C14097T, 309.1C, 315.1C, 

523DEL, 524DEL, A5128G, G16129A, T16519C (Kurd from Turkey; Fernandes et al, 2012)