Globe13 Calculator for genetic distance, biogeographical ancestry, and Oracle

Today, I am presenting a quite big Excel file (93 MB) that I generated to calculate genetic distances, biogeographical ancestry, and Oracle.
The file can be found in KurdishDNA.blogspot.com Data Sink.
Here is the direct link.

How to use it:
1. Open file in Excel; enable Macro.
2. Go to sheet "Paste here!" and add your Globe13 component values in cells B2 - N2.
3. Go to "Tools", then "Macro", then run Macro "Sort".
4. You are done. The results appear on sheet "Paste here!". Based on your computer the calculations can take up to one minute.

Example: results for Kurd_D

1. Top100 matches for Kurd_D (all samples)

 2. Top100 matches for Kurd_D (reference populations only)

3. Oracle TOP500 combinations for Kurd_D (reference populations only)

4. OracleTOP500 combinations for Kurd_D (all samples)

5. Predicted location for biogeographical ancestry of Kurd_D

The calculated latitude and longitude numbers can be directly pasted into maps.google.com


Previously, I used this Excel file to generate some phylogenetic trees and a map.

Ashkenazi-Levite Jews and their Iranian origin Part II

Previously, I mentioned that I believe that the term "Ashkenazi" is ultimately derived from the Iranian name "Ashkan", the founder of the Parthian Empire (still called 'Ashkanian' (اشکانیان) Empire in Iranian languages).

I already showed that the Ashkenazi Jews share a lot genetic markers with Kurds:

• mtDNA HV1b2 was found within Ashkenazi Jews and one Yezidi Kurd;
• the Y-haplogroup of the Kurd N91920 is J1c3 and he shares the SNP L817+ with the J1c3* Jewish Cluster A. Thus, the closest and the only Middle Eastern relative of the J1c3* Jewish Cluster A is a  Kurdish individual.    
• The R1a1a Ashkenazi-Levite cluster shows similarities to the STR data of a Kurdish individual.

A new publication in Nature comes to the same conclusions about the R1a-M582 Ashkenazi-Levite cluster, it is not East European, it is not Khazarian, it is Iranian.

From the paper:

Phylogenetic applications of whole Y-chromosome sequences and the Near Eastern origin of Ashkenazi Levites

...

Considering the historical records of Ashkenazi Jews, three potential geographic sources should be considered: the Near East, which was the geographic location for the ancient Hebrews; Europe, which was the residence of the Ashkenazi Jewish Diaspora and the region in which they evolved for nearly two millennia; and the region overlapping with the no longer extant mid-11th Century Khazarian Khaganate, whose ruling class has been suggested to have converted to Judaism¹⁸. Our data render the latter source highly unlikely since the Khazarian Khaganate overlapped with the Northern Pontic-Caspian steppe and the North Caucasus region, in which just one Nogay sample carried the R1a-M582 haplogroup (Table 1). Furthermore, the Nogays, formerly a powerful Kipchak Turkic-speaking nomadic confederation, are relatively recent inhabitants of the Caucasus, and the STR haplotype of the sole R1a-M582 Nogay sample lies outside of the Levite cluster. Had the Caucasus region been the source for the Ashkenazi modal lineage, we likely would have found R1a-M582 Y-chromosomes in some of its 20 local populations examined in our sample of more than 2,000 Y-chromosomes (Table 1). As previously suggested, the European and particularly, the Eastern European paternal gene pool was seen as a natural and highly plausible source for the Ashkenazi Levite lineage as both the Ashkenazi community and haplogroup R1a frequencies peak in this region. But surprisingly, haplogroup R1a-M582 was not detected in non-Jewish Eastern European samples and was found only in singleton samples in various Central and Western European populations (Table 1).

...

Near Eastern populations are the only populations in which haplogroup R1a-M582 was found at significant frequencies (Table 1). Moreover, the representative samples displayed substantial diversity even within this geographic region (Fig. 1b). Higher frequencies and diversities often suggest lineage autochthony. Hence, we can assess whether or not the origin of haplogroup R1a-M582 is in present-day Iran and eastern Anatolia, or rather the broader region of the Near East. Our data demonstrate the occurrence of R1a-M582 among different Iranian populations, among Kurds from Cilician Anatolia and Kazakhstan, and among Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews. These observations, and the STR network delineating an internal R1a-M582 structure, might attest to a broad Near Eastern distribution range of this minor haplogroup that survived to the present day at low frequencies among Iranian Kerman, Iranian Azeri, Kurds and Jews. Haplogroup R1a-M582 was not detected in samples from Iraq or among Bedouins, Druze and Palestinians sampled in Israel.

One thing the paper did not address well is to highlight the frequency of R1a-M582 within R1a1 individuals of each population. From all tested non-Jewish population Kurds have the highest frequency of R1a-M582 within R1a1 individuals. Caution, the number of tested R1a individuals is pretty low, so percentages might be off.

Here is the ranking based on the data of the publication:

100%	(2/2)	Jews from Israel (Non-Ashkenazi)
100%	(2/2)	Jews from Algeria (Non-Ashkenazi)
100%	(2/2)	Jews from Slovenia (Non-Ashkenazi)
92%	(80/87)	Ashkenazi Jews*
73%	(90/123)	Jews
67%	(6/9)	Jews from Spanish Exile (Non-Ashkenazi)
67%	(2/3)	Jews from Bulgaria (Non-Ashkenazi)
50%	(2/4)	Jews from Turkey (Non-Ashkenazi)
43%	(3/7)	Kurds (Turkey and Kazakhstan)
40%	(2/5)	Jews from North Africa (Non-Ashkenazi)
29%	(2/7)	Jews from Near East (Non-Ashkenazi)
28%	(10/36)	Non-Ashkenazi Jews
19%	(9/48)	Iran (Azeri)
13%	(3/24)	Iran (Kerman)
10%	(2/21)	Iran
9%	(1/11)	Nogays
6%	(18/303)	Near East
6%	(1/17)	Iran
5%	(1/21)	Hungary
2%	(1/42)	Germany
1%	(1/106)	Western/Northern Europe
1%	(1/119)	Slovakia
1%	(22/2711)	Non-Jewish populations

Kurdish Y-DNA Part X

Just an update of Kurdish Y haplogroups (N=529):

Used publications:
Nebel et al., 2001
Wells et al., 2001
Stenersen et al., 2004
Nasidze et al., 2005
Gokcumen et al., 2011
Grugni et al., 2012
Malyarchuk et al., 2013
Cristofaro et al., 2013

Haplogroup C
1x C-RPS4Y (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x C-RPS4Y (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x C-RPS4Y (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)


Haplogroup E
7x E a.k.a. hg21 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
3x E-YAP (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x E-YAP (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005) 
3x E-SRY4064 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
5x E1b (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
12x E1b1 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1a1-M78 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012) 
8x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x E1b1b1b2a1-M34 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Kurmanji from paternally Agri, Erzurum, Kars/Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x E1b1b1b2a1a-M84 (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x E1b1b1a1c-V22 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x E1b1b1c-V13 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


Haplogroup F
2x F-M89 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
10x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x F-M89 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
6x F-M89 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup G
2x G1-M285 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G1-M285 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x G-M201 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x G-M201 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x G-M201 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x G-M201 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
2x G2* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x G2a* (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x G2a (Alevi Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x G2a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x G2a-P15 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

16x G+I a.k.a. hg2 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)

Haplogroup H
1x H1-M52  (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001) 
1x H1-M52  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x H1a-M82 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup I
4x I-M170 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
9x I-M170 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
14x I-M170 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x I-M170 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x I2-M438 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x I2a2a-M223 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*; Z161+, L1228-, L1229-, L1230-, L1226-, L699-, L701-, L702-, L703-, L704-, M379-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x I2a2b-L38 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)

Haplogroup J (J1+J2)
15x J-12f2 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)

Haplogroup J1
1x J1 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu10) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x J1 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
19x J1-M267 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J1-M267 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1-M267* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1 (Z2223+)  (Alevi with Zaza ancestry from Dersim; E11334 (Suleyman Efendi 19th century Askale Erzurum, Turkey))
1x J1 ( L817+ L818+ L816-; Kurd from Turkey; N91920 (Kurdish Serzer, 1805 - 1846, Turkey))
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Turkey)  
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Sorani from Iran)
1x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Kurd from Iraq) 
2x J1b2b-P58 (old J1c3; Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J1a2b-Page8 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J1b2b2 (L147.1+, L222.2-, L92-, L93-, M267+; N88767 (Sulaymania, Iraq (Kurdistan) of sharif descent)


Haplogroup J2
20x J2 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
27x J2 a.k.a. hg9 (Eu9) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
12x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
8x J2-M172 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
3x J2-M172 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)     
29x J2-M172 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x J2 (Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2 (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)  
1x J2 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x J2 (Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x J2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x J2a*-M410 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a-M410* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x J2a1*-Page55 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
3x J2a1-Page55 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a-M47 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1a-M322 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x J2a1a (J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi from Iraq)
4x J2a1b*-M67 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1b*-M67 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x J2a1b1-M92 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
4x J2a1h-M530 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x J2a1h-M530 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup L
1x L a.k.a. hg28 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x L-M11* (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
5x L-M20 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
2x L-M20 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x L1a-M76  (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x L1a-M76 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1b-M317 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x L1c-M357 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)

Haplogroup P
1x P-M45 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
1x P-M45 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)

Haplogroup Q
1x Q  (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)

Haplogroup R1
1x R1*-M173 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)

Haplogroup R1a
1x R1a (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
11x R1a a.k.a. hg3(Eu19) (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x R1a*(L62+, L63+, SRY10831.2-, M17-) (Yezidi Kurd from Georgia)
7x R1a1a-M17 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R1a1a-M17 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)
12x R1a1a-M17 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
2x R1a1a-M198/M17 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
11x R1a1a-M17 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor) 
1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-, Z2122-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, Z282+, Z284-, M458-, Z280-, subclade 3  only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep (now in Konya area)
1x R1a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)

Haplogroup R1b?
3x R1-M173 (Zaza from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x R1-M173 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
5x R1-M173 (Kurds from Turkmenistan in Nasidze et al., 2005; originally used in Wells et al., 2001)

Haplogroup R1b
2x R1b-M343 (Kurdish village Dogukoy*/Central Anatolia in Gokcumen et al., 2011)
1x R1b-M343 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
13x R1b-M343 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
1x R1b1a2*-M269 (Kurmanji from Zakho/Iraq)
2x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x R1b1a2a-L23/L49 (Zaza from Lebanon, originally from Dersim)
2x R1b1a2a-L23 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
1x R1b1b2a1a-L52,P311,L11,P310 (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan/Turkey)

16x R1+R1b+R2 a.k.a. hg1 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)


Haplogroup R2
1x R2 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
7x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
11x R2a-M124 (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)
1x R2a-M124 (Iranian Kurds in Malyarchuk et al., 2013)
1x R2a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R2a (3/4 Zaza from Bingol; 1/4 Kurmanji from Bitlis)

Haplogroup T
11x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Turkey in Nasidze et al., 2005)
2x K-M9 (probably T) (Kurmanji from Georgia in Nasidze et al., 2005)
4x T a.k.a. hg26 (Iraqi Kurds in Nebel et al., 2001)
1x T (Sorani from Koysinjaq/Iraq) 
2x T-M184 (Kurdistan-Iran in Cristofaro et al., 2013)
3x T1a-M70 (Iraqi Kurds in Stenersen et al., 2004; based on Athey's Haplogroup predictor)
5x T1a-M70 (Iranian Kurds in Grugni et al., 2012)


More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IX

Voices of Kurdistan

Today, I collected some recordings of different languages spoken in Kurdistan.

Jewish speaker from Urmi, Azerbaijan-e Sharqi, Iran (Audio and transcript)
Jewish speaker from Zakho, Iraq (1) (recorded in Jerusalem, Israel, 1996)
Jewish speaker from Zakho, Iraq (2) (recorded in Jerusalem, Israel, 1996)
Jewish speaker from Amediya, Iraq (recorded in Nes Harim, Israel, 1996)
Jew from Rawandiz, Iraq (recorded in Zakharya, Israel, April 1989)
Speaker from Bismil, Turkey (recorded in Hamburg, Germany, July 1997)
Kurmanji from Central Kurdistan (Bahdinan?) (Audio and transcript)

HV1b2 discovered among Yezidi Kurd

Today, I want to present the mtDNA data of the Yezidi Kurd, HV1b2.

From the FTDNA project "The Haplogroup H&HV mtGenome Project: HV1 - mtDNA Test Results for Members" it is known that HV1b2 is present in Eastern Europe.
From the HV1b FTDNA project it becomes quiet clear that most - if not all - Eastern Europeans with HV1b2 have maternal Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.

The presence of HV1b2 in Ashkenazi Jews and Kurds fits to my idea that Ashkenazi Jews are Jews who lived in the Parthian (also known as Ashkanian) Empire for centuries, then moved to the Rhineland as merchants around 800 AD.

The autosomal DNA of the Yezidi Kurd fits very well with Iraqi Kurds (Non-Yezidis), which makes sense given that the religious center of Yezidis is in Lalish, in the province Dohuk in Kurdistan-Iraq. Interestingly, he shares a DNA segment with a Kurdish individual from Duhok. His biogeographical ancestry was added to the map here.

R1a* discovered among Yezidi Kurd

In May I wrote:
Although the Asian side of R1a is heavily underrepresented in public data sets we already know the following: From the SNP distribution of the "FTDNA R1a1a and subclades project" we know that the oldest branches of R1a were also found in West Asia.
http://i1127.photobucket.com/albums/l625/ft-d/1O-R1a.jpg
We also know that one of the oldest branches of the "European" Z283 branch were found in West Asia (including one individual with paternal Kurdish ancestry).
http://i1127.photobucket.com/albums/l625/ft-d/maps/z2832.jpg
I believe that rigorous SNP testing of West Asians will lead to many surprises in the R1a tree. Unfortunately, right now most Asian R1a tested individuals are from the Arabian peninsula that doesn't show much diversity.

Today, I want to present the data of a Yezidi Kurd that is R1a* (L62+, L63+, SRY10831.2-, M17-)!

Edit 10/14/2013:
Just to clarify a few things. The R1a* haplogroup mentioned above does not belong to the "Asian" Z93 nor the "European" Z283. It is ancestral to both. So far, more detailed SNP information are only known for three R1a individuals with paternal Kurdish ancestry: one is R1a1a1b1 Z283+, one is R1a1a1b2 Z93+, and the latest one is R1a* based on ISOGG 2013 nomenclature. For all the remaining R1a Kurds it is only known that they are at least M17+ (R1a1a); no SNPs downstream of M17 were determined, so they could be Z283 or Z93 or ...
Given the current Kurdish data, nobody can determine, which subbranch of R1a is dominant in Kurds.

Kurdish mtDNA data X

Just an update (N=178):
I added the data of Farjadian et al., 2011 (55 Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran).
I added the data of Derenko et al., 2007 (25 Kurds from Iran).

 
1x B4b1a (Kurd from Turkey) 
1x C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x C4b (=C4b+A248G, A14566G, T16519C, A249A (not deleted)) (Alevi Kurmanji)
2x D (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x D4 T16090C/T, T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x D4 T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007
1x G2a (=G2a+T16172C) (Sorani)
8x H (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x H CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
6x H (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
2x H with T16311C  (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H T16209C, 44.1C, T57C, A93G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x H G16129A, C16248T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x H CRS, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

1x H with C16218T (=H1ag1a or H1aq1 or H20) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H with C16192R, C16261T (similar to: JN415470(Italy-LHON) Achilli Haplogroup H 19-AUG-2012 (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H5'36 (Kurd from Turkey)
1x H5  16051G, 16255A, 16304C, 16319A, 16327T, 263G, 315.1C, 456T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   
1x H5a1 (H5a1+T16304G, A3397G, G5471A) (G5471A usually in H5b) (Sorani)
1x H13a2b2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x H14a with T16311C, C16256T, T16352C (=H14a +T16311C ) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H14b T3197C (=H14b+C4086T, A16265T) (Yezidi) 
1x H15a1 (=H15a1+309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A15316G) (Sorani; mtDNA fully sequenced here and here)
1x H15b (Sorani)
1x H15b T16086C (close to EU600353(Druze) Shlush)(Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
5x HV (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x HV* CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV* C16174T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV C16174T, C41T, A214G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x HV A73G, T391C, G16153A (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x HV (Kurmanji from Diyarbakir (Amed)/Turkey)
1x HV1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T, C150T, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T (=HV1a1) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV2 C16168T, T16189C, T16217C, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV14 T16311C, G4655A, T15115C (Sorani)
1x I (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x I with G16129A, C16223T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
 1x I1a G16129A, C16168T, T16172C, 16173, C16223T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x I1a1d with G16129A, C16223T, T16172C, T16189C, C16083T, C16355T (=I1a1d+C16083T, C16355T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x I5a pre-I5a3  because G5231A, A15052G = I5a3 but still C150C, T6278T = I5a; additional   C16301T (Zaza from Dersim)
1x I5a (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)
1x J* (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
2x J1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J1b C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, C16290T, A73G, A263G, C271T, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x J1b1b1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C    315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL   (very close to JF939049(Armenian)) (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
3x J1b2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J1b3 T1822C, A8460G, T16311C  (=J1b3+T1822C+T16311C) (Sorani)
1x J1b3b A73G, A263G, C295T, T489C, A750G, A1438G, A2706G, G3010A, T4216C, A4769G, C7028T, G8269A, A8460G, A8860G, A10398G, A11251G, G11719A, A12612G, G13708A, C14766T, A15326G, C15452A, T15530C, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x J1b4 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, C16261T,  C16278T, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x J1c (=J1c+G185T, 4812A, C16290T, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x J1c2m (old J1c2a)  C16069T, T16126C, 16148T, A73G, 185A, 228A, A263G, C295T, 315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL  (close to JQ797801 from Romania and  JQ797802 from West-Siberia (Khanty))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)  
1x J1d (=J1d+A15218G, T16519C) (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1d (Kurd from Iraq)
1x J1d3b (=J1d3b+10742G, T11353C, 12425G, T16519C (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep; now living in Konya area)
1x J2a1a1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16231C, C16261T, A73G, C150T, C152T, T195C, C198T, A215G, C295T, 315.1C, T319C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007
1x J2a1a1 (=J2a1a1+A10044G, G11914A, C16264T)  (Kurd from Turkey)
3x J2b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J2b1 (Kurd from Iraq/Iran)
1x J2d C16069T, T16126C, C16193T, A73G, C152T, A263G, C295T, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x JT with T16126C, C16067T, T16311C (=JT) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x K1a9 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x K1a T16093C, T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x K 16129, T16224C, T16311C (= K1a11 or K2b2) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
2x K with T16224C, T16311C, T16093C, C16260T (=K1a1+C16260T, or K1a17a+T16093C)(Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16240G (=K+A16240G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16272G (=K+A16272G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x L3e5 16037G, A16041G, C16223T, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C, T398C, 523DEL, 524DEL
(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x M/C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x M1a1 G16129A, 16182C, 16183C, T16189C, C16223T, T16249C, T16311C, T16359C, C16360T, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, T489C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
5x N (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b1 (=N1b1+C16176C, C1703A, C3921A, G7337A, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x N1b1 with C16223T, G16145A, C16176G (=N1b1) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x N2a with C16223T, T16086C, G16153A, G16319A (=N2a+T16086C) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x R (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
2x R0 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x R0 16519C, 16524C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x R0 16368C, 16519C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   
1x R2 with C16071T, G16145A, C16234 (=R2 +G16145A+C16234) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x T* T16126C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16249C, C16294T, T16304C, A73G, T146C, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x T1a1'3 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, C16294T, A73G, T152C, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
4x T1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x T1 (=T1a2b+C12633T, G5460A, G11914A, T16311C, (T16519C))(Feyli)
1x T1a7 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, G16274A, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, A512G  (close to EU935435(Egypt) Kujanova and JQ798027 (Israel))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, C16294T, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007) 
1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, A16247G, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, 152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 524.1A, 524.2C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
3x T2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x T2a1b2b with T16126C, C16294T, C16296T, C16256T, A16317G (=T2a1b2b +A16317G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x T2b (Kurd from Turkey)
1x U1a'c  A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C, A73G, T146C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C (similar to HM852844(Iranian 9) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a'c with A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C (=U1a'c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U1a1 A14070A, T16163C (Zaza)
1x U1a1 G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16224C, T16249C, T16288C, C16295T, A73G, C150T, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a1 A16183-, 16193.1C, C16193T.2C, T16249C, T72C, A73G, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a1a (Sorani) with A11467G,  A12308G,  G12372A, C285T,  T12879C,  A13104G, A14070G, G15148A, A15954C, T16249C, C2218T, G14364A, T16189C, G4991A, G6026A, T7581C, A385G, 3158.1T, G3591A, A13422G, G9575A, C2836T, G4659A, 573.1C, 573.2C, A10283G, (309.1C), (315.1C), (523-), (524-), (16182C), (16183C), (16519C) (=U1a1a; shares C2836T, G4659A mutation with Indian samples HM156682(India) Govindaraj) (fully sequenced here and here)
1x U1b C16111T, 16214A, T16249C, G16319A, C16327T, T16519C, A73G, T146C, T152C, A263G, C285T, 315.1C, 572T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U2 (Alevi with Zaza ancestry)
1x U2e1a with A16051G, T152C, A508G, A3720G, A5390G, T5426C, C6045T, T6152C, A10876, T13020C, T13734C, A15907G, G16129C, T16362C, C340T, C11197T, T11732C, G7337A, A15218G, T16311C, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x U3 with A16343G (=U3) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U3a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U3a with C150T, A14139G,  T15454C, A2294G,  T4703C,  G9266A, T6518A (flip!),  A10506G,  C13934T,  G16390A,  C2766A, 10790C, G16129A, 16257T, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq); (similar to HM852895(Georgian45) Schoenberg also with C2766A)
1x U3c with A16343G, C16193T, T16249C (=U3c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U3c C16193T, T16249C, A16343G, G16526A, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C  (close to HM852797(Azeri34) and HM852803(Azeri42) Schoenberg)(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)   
1x U4 T16356C, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, G499A, 524.1A, 524.2C
(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U5 T16093C, T16189C, C16270T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U5a1 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x U5a1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
4x U7 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U7 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x U7 C16069T, A16227G, C16278T, A16318C, T16359C (very close to HM852853(Turk 187) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 C16192T, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 T16243C, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U7a A16309G, A16318T, T16519C, A73G, C151T, T152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16309G, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C150T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318C, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a'5 G16129A, A16318T, A73G, C151T, C152T, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, A73G, G94A, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, C16169T, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U8b C16111T, T16172C, A16183C, T16189C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U8b (Feyli)
1x U8b (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x W (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x W C16223T, C16292T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x W3 G16153A, C16223T, C16292T, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, T152C, A189G, C194T, T195C, T199C, T204C, G207A, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x W4a C16223T, C16292T, C16286T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x W6 with C16292T, C16192T, C16223T,  T16324C (=W6) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x X with T16189C, C16278T, C16186T (=X+C16186T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x X2e T16124C, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16223C, C16278T, T16325C, A73G, A153G, T195C, A263G, 308.1A, 309.1C, 315.1C, C338T (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)

Related post:
mtDNA of Kurds Part I
mtDNA of Kurds Part II
mtDNA of Kurds Part III
mtDNA of Kurds Part IV
mtDNA of Kurds V
Kurdish mtDNA data VI 
Kurdish mtDNA data VII
Kurdish mtDNA data VIII 
Kurdish mtDNA data IX

mtDNA Haplogroup of Kurds, Persians, and Tajiks

Today, I want to present the mtDNA data published in the paper "Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in northern Asian populations" by Derenko et al., in 2007, which includes of 25 Kurds from Kurdistan-Iran, 82 Persians, and 44 Tajiks. In a more recent paper (Malyarchuk et al., 2013) the Y-chromosomes of these 25 Kurdish individuals were described.

From the paper:

mtDNA Haplogroup	Kurds (n=25)	Persians (n=82)	Tajiks (n=44)
A2
A4		2.4%	2.3%
A5
A8
B4		4.9%
B5		1.2%
C*			9.1%
C1
C4		1.2%	2.3%
C5
D2
D3
D4	12.0%	1.2%	4.5%
D5		1.2%	2.3%
F1
F2a
G*
G1
G2a		1.2%	2.3%
G3			2.3%
M*		7.3%	2.3%
M3a		2.4%
M7
M8a2
M9a
M10			2.3%
M11
M13a
Y			2.3%
Z			2.3%
N9a
R*
R9
R11
L2a		1.2%
H	12.0%	26.0%	25.0%
HV	8.0%	3.7%
HV0a			2.3%
V
R0a		2.4%
R2		1.2%
J1	12.0%	3.7%	2.3%
J2	8.0%	1.2%	2.3%
T*	4.0%	4.9%
T1	8.0%	8.5%	2.3%
N1		1.2%	2.3%
I		3.7%	2.3%
W		2.4%	4.5%
N2		1.2%
U1	12.0%	1.2%
U2		1.2%	2.3%
U3		2.4%	2.3%
U4			6.8%
U5		4.9%
U7a	16.0%	1.2%	4.5%
U8	4.0%	1.2%
K		3.7%	6.8%
X2e	4.0%

Most of the haplogroups were determined by RLFP screening using various restriction enzymes. Additionally, the HVRI and HVRII were sequenced.
I also took a closer look at the raw data of the 25 Kurds and tried to give a more precise annotation of the haplogroups.

1xD4 T16090C/T, T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
2xD4 T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xH T16209C, 44.1C, T57C, A93G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C
1xH G16129A, C16248T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C
1xH CRS, A263G, 315.1C
1xHV C16174T, C41T, A214G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C
1xHV1a1 C16067T, C16355T, C150T, A263G, 315.1C
1xJ1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, C16290T, A73G, A263G, C271T, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C
2xJ1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xJ2a1a1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16231C, C16261T, A73G, C150T, C152T, T195C, C198T, A215G, C295T, 315.1C, T319C
1xJ2d C16069T, T16126C, C16193T, A73G, C152T, A263G, C295T, 315.1C
1xT* T16126C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16249C, C16294T, T16304C, A73G, T146C, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xT1a1'3 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, C16294T, A73G, T152C, T195C, A263G, 315.1C
1xT1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, C16294T, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xU1a1 G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16224C, T16249C, T16288C, C16295T, A73G, C150T, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A385G
1xU1a1 A16183-, 16193.1C, C16193T.2C, T16249C, T72C, A73G, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 315.1C, A385G
1xU1a'c  A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C, A73G, T146C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C (similar to HM852844(Iranian 9) Schoenberg)
1xU7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16309G, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C150T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C
1xU7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318C, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C
1xU7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xU7a'5 G16129A, A16318T, A73G, C151T, C152T, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C
1xU8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, A73G, G94A, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C
1xX2e T16124C, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16223C, C16278T, T16325C, A73G, A153G, T195C, A263G, 308.1A, 309.1C, 315.1C, C338T

Since the paper was about Northern Asia I also looked at specific Kurdish mtDNA variants that are shared with others. These shared variants -if very specific, e.g. with rare mutations- can indicate migration.
D4 T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C could be also found in 1 Korean (1/103), 4 Buryats (4/295).
H CRS, A263G, 315.1C could be also found in 1 Kalmyk (1/110), 1 Buryat (1/295), and 3 Telenghits (3/71).
J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, C16290T, A73G, A263G, C271T, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C could be also found in 2 Telenghits (2/71).
J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C could be also found in 1 Persian (1/82).
1xT1a1'3 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, C16294T, A73G, T152C, T195C, A263G, 315.1C could be also found in 1 Chukchi (1/15).

Since haplogroup J is known to be from the Middle East it is interesting to note the presence of the specific J1b1b1 haplogroup in 2 Telenghits that is also present in one Kurd. Additionally, 3 Telenghits carry a T1 variant (haplogroup T also originated in the Middle East) that is present in one Persian, and one Chukni has the T1a1'3 haplogroup that is also present in one Kurd. All of this indicates an ancient migration from Kurdistan-Iran or nearby to Siberia.

Edit:
Regarding the J1b1b1 haplpogroup in Siberia I also looked into fully sequenced people:
EF397558(Buryat) Derenko J1b1b1 A73G A263G C271T C295T 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A750G A1438G A2706G G3010A T4216C A4769G G5460A C7028T T7270C G8269A A8860G T10245C A10398G T10410A A11251G G11719A A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T T16126C G16145A C16261T T16311C T16519C
EF397562(Altaian-Kizhi) Derenko J1b1b1 A73G A263G C271T C295T 309.1C 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A750G A1438G A2706G A2707C G3010A T4216C A4769G G5460A A5592G C7028T G8269A A8860G A10398G T10410A A11251G G11719A A11893G A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T T16126C G16145A C16261T C16290T T16519C
EF556155 Behar2008 J1b1b1 A73G C150T A263G C271T C295T 309.1C 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A750G A1438G A2706G A2707C G3010A T4216C T4561C A4769G G5460A C7028T G8269A A8860G A10398G T10410A A10682G A11251G G11719A A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T G16145A C16261T C16290T T16519C
FJ624455 FTDNA J1b1b1 9 A73G A263G C271T C295T 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A750G A1438G A2706G G3010A T4216C A4769G G5460A C7028T T7270C G8269A A8860G T10245C A10398G T10410A A11251G G11719A A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T T16126C G16145A C16261T T16311C T16519C
JF929909(Armenian) FTDNA J1b1b1 A73G T146C A263G C271T C295T 309.1C 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A547G A750G A1438G A2706G G3010A T4216C A4769G G5460A C7028T G8269A A8860G G9055A A10398G T10410A A11251G G11719A A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T T16126C G16145A C16261T T16519C
JF939049(Armenian) FTDNA J1b1b1 A73G A263G C295T 309.1C 315.1C C462T T489C C522- A523- A750G A1438G A2706G G3010A T4216C A4769G G5460A A5582G C7028T G8269A A8860G T9530C A10398G T10410A A11251G G11719A C12389T A12612G G13708A T13879C C14766T A15326G C15452A C16069T T16126C G16145A C16261T T16519C

EF397558(Buryat) Derenko is identical to FJ624455 FTDNA. FJ624455 is FTDNA 65964 Merante. This individual is in the Sephardic Heritage DNA Project. Considering that the mtDNAs from Buryat and Sephardi Jews are identical the migration must be fairly recent, so these Mideast signals in Siberia could be explained with recent Jewish migration from the Middle East to Siberia.

Castle of Kurds got bombed by Syria

From Wikipedia:

Krak des Chevaliers (French pronunciation: ​[kʁak de ʃəvaˈlje]) (Arabic: قلعة الحصن‎), also Crac des Chevaliers, is a Crusader castle in Syria and one of the most important preserved medieval castles in the world. The site was first inhabited in the 11th century by a settlement of Kurds; as a result it was known as Hisn al Akrad, meaning the "Castle of the Kurds"...Since 2006, the castles of Krak des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din have been recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Apparently, the castle is in under attack, this video was uploaded on Friday, July 12nd, 2013.

Light eyes from Asia

Since I was looking into HERC2 haplotypes from all over the world I thought it would be interesting to see the phenotype repertoire of eye colors from Asia.

I found a great collection of photos on a French blog called http://pastmist.wordpress.com/.

• Afghanistan
• Pakistan (Burusho and others)
• Northern Pakistan (Kalash)
• Indians Part1
• Indians Part2
• Iran Part1
• Iran Part2 and Kurdistan
• Tajikistan and Pamir
• Northwestern China (Xinjiang)

The weirdest languages on Earth

After my last blog post I had some discussions about common language structures and language phenomena in different languages. Thanks to a comment from CC Bilgin (and other interesting comments) I now know that the repetition of words is called "reduplication" and is not a solely Kurdish language phenomenon but can be observed in many unrelated languages. So, I thought it would be good to have a world map of these language phenomena.

Apparently, I am not the first person with that idea:  Instead of creating I am referring to "The World Atlas of Language Structures" (WALS).  
WALS Online is a joint effort of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the Max Planck Digital Library website and it has a lot of great maps comparing various grammar features of languages all over the world.

So the first world map I looked up was, of course, "Reduplication"

(Rubino, Carl. 2011. Reduplication.
In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.)
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.
Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 27A.
Available online at http://wals.info/feature/27A
Accessed on 2013-07-06.)

Unfortunately, Kurdish is not included in the map for reduplication but just based on the overall distribution of it, one can say that reduplication is a very common language feature (except in Europe),  not having reduplication in a language is actually "weird".

The next feature I looked up was "Order of Object and Verb" in a sentence.

(Dryer, Matthew S.. 2011. Order of Object and Verb.
In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.)
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.
Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 83A.
Available online at http://wals.info/feature/83A
Accessed on 2013-07-06.)

In Kurdish the Verb is at the end of the sentence, so the object comes first. This sentence order is called Object-Verb or simply "OV" (highlighted in blue in the world map).
Most languages have the "OV" or the "VO" sentence order, but very few use both orders depending on the situation and sentence. Languages like Armenian or German don't have a dominant order, which is pretty weird.

Next, I looked up "Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns".

(Siewierska, Anna. 2011. Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns.
In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.)
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.
Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 44A.
Available online at http://wals.info/feature/44A
Accessed on 2013-07-06.)

In Kurdish there is no gender specific "he" or "she" just "ew/v" ( "o" in Zazaki), so pretty easy grammar rule. Turkish, Basque, and Hungarian is like that as well.
Contrary, Arabic has not only a gender specific "he" (huwa (هو)) and "she" (hiya (هي)) but also for the 2nd Person Singular "you" masculine anta (أنت) and feminine anti (أنت). Moreover, Arabic has a gender specific 2nd Person Plural "you": masculine antum (أنتم) and feminine antunna (أنتنّ) and a gender specific 3rd Person Plural "they": masculine hum (هم) and feminine hunna (هنّ), not so easy grammar rules. Arabic also has 2nd Person Dual "you two" antumā (أنتما) and 3rd Person Dual humā (هما). Based on the map, it seems like that Spanish picked up some of these weird gender rules from Arabic (from the Moors?).

These are just a few language features I covered here. The list of maps on WALS Online is long, everyone who is interested in languages should definitely take a look at other maps as well.

The website Idibon ("Language Technologies for a Connected World") went through the provided data of the WALS Online website and determined the "Weirdness-Index" of each language.

Here is a quote from the Idibon website how they defined weirdness:

This is odd. Is this odd? One of the features that distinguishes languages is how they ask yes/no questions.The vast majority of languages have a special question particle that they tack on somewhere (like the ka at the end of a Japanese question). Of 954 languages coded for this in WALS, 584 of them have question particles. The word order switching that we do in English only happens in 1.4% of the languages. That’s 13 languages total and most of them come from Europe: German, Czech, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Frisian, English, Danish, and Spanish.

A total of 21 "weirdness" features were compared, only languages that had data for at least 14 features were included in the final ranking, however, they calculated the "Weirdness-Index" for the other languages as well. The Kurdish "Weirdness-Index" is 0.781 but Kurdish was excluded from the ranking (only 12 features compared), otherwise Kurdish would have been at position #26, so Kurdish is pretty weird.

One of the weirdest language families seems to be the Germanic language family.

Some of the more known languages, their ranking and Weirdness-Index:
#9 Armenian (0.861),
#10 German (0.858),
#11 Abkhaz (0.844),
#12 Dutch ( 0.844),
#16 Norwegian  (0.828),
#21 Czech (0.791),
#23 Spanish (0.790),
#25 Mandarin (0.789),
#33 English (0.756),
#40 Japanese (0.736),
#57 Greek (0.669),
#75 Persian (0.649),
#77 Hebrew (0.639),
#111 Polish (0.564),
#159 Finnish (0.466),
#181 Russian (0.401),
#217 Lithuanian (0.257)
#226 Turkish (0.214),
#230 Basque (0.189),
#235 Hungarian (0.132)
#239 Hindi (0.087).

More details can be found in the provided Excel file.

Repetition of words in the Kurdish language

Today, I want to present a phenomenon of the Kurdish language that I don't know of any other language.

In order to intensify the meaning of a word English uses the word "very", "a lot of" or simply uses a new word for it. Similar, in Kurdish a word can be intensified with the word "zor" (=very), however, in some cases the word itself can be repeated twice to intensify its meaning.

Here are some examples of this repetition

Kurdish	English	Kurdish Repetition	English
rang	color	rang-aw-rang	colorful
dûr	far	dûr dûr	very far
zor	very, a lot, much	zor zor	even more, exceedingly
wurd	tiny, little	wurd-a-wurd-a	slowly
koka	cough	kok-a-kok	a lot of coughing
bola	loud complaining	bol-a-bol	a lot of loud complaining
ming	???	ming-a-ming	grumble
qîzh	scream	qîzh-a-qîzh	a lot of screaming
shirr	squeak, squeal, scream	shirr-a-shirr	a lot of squeaking
taqa	banging, thud	taq-a-taq	a lot of banging, noise
tapa	stomp (once)	tap-a-tap	a lot of stomping
dang	sound, voice	dang-a-dang	noise
girm	boom, plop	girm-a-girm	thunder

So, if this word repetition looks familiar to your mother tongue then please let me know and comment.