I added the data of Farjadian et al., 2011 (55 Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran).
I added the data of Derenko et al., 2007 (25 Kurds from Iran).
1x B4b1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x C4b (=C4b+A248G, A14566G, T16519C, A249A (not deleted)) (Alevi Kurmanji)
2x D (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x D4 T16090C/T, T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x D4 T16223C, T16362C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007
1x G2a (=G2a+T16172C) (Sorani)
8x H (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x H CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
6x H (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
2x H with T16311C (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H T16209C, 44.1C, T57C, A93G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x H G16129A, C16248T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x H CRS, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x H with C16218T (=H1ag1a or H1aq1 or H20) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H with C16192R, C16261T (similar to: JN415470(Italy-LHON) Achilli Haplogroup H 19-AUG-2012 (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H5'36 (Kurd from Turkey)
1x H5 16051G, 16255A, 16304C, 16319A, 16327T, 263G, 315.1C, 456T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x H5a1 (H5a1+T16304G, A3397G, G5471A) (G5471A usually in H5b) (Sorani)
1x H13a2b2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x H14a with T16311C, C16256T, T16352C (=H14a +T16311C ) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x H14b T3197C (=H14b+C4086T, A16265T) (Yezidi)
1x H15a1 (=H15a1+309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A15316G) (Sorani; mtDNA fully sequenced here and here)
1x H15b (Sorani)
1x H15b T16086C (close to EU600353(Druze) Shlush)(Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
5x HV (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x HV* CRS (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV* C16174T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV C16174T, C41T, A214G, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x HV A73G, T391C, G16153A (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x HV (Kurmanji from Diyarbakir (Amed)/Turkey)
1x HV1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T, C150T, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x HV1a1 C16067T, C16355T (=HV1a1) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV2 C16168T, T16189C, T16217C, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x HV14 T16311C, G4655A, T15115C (Sorani)
1x I (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x I with G16129A, C16223T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x I1a G16129A, C16168T, T16172C, 16173, C16223T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x I1a1d with G16129A, C16223T, T16172C, T16189C, C16083T, C16355T (=I1a1d+C16083T, C16355T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x I5a pre-I5a3 because G5231A, A15052G = I5a3 but still C150C, T6278T = I5a; additional C16301T (Zaza from Dersim)
1x I5a (Zaza from Baltas/Varto, Turkey)
1x J* (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
2x J1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J1b C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, C16290T, A73G, A263G, C271T, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x J1b1b1 T10410A, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
2x J1b1b1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16261T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, C295T, 309.1C 315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL (very close to JF939049(Armenian)) (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
3x J1b2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J1b3 T1822C, A8460G, T16311C (=J1b3+T1822C+T16311C) (Sorani)
1x J1b3b A73G, A263G, C295T, T489C, A750G, A1438G, A2706G, G3010A, T4216C, A4769G, C7028T, G8269A, A8460G, A8860G, A10398G, A11251G, G11719A, A12612G, G13708A, C14766T, A15326G, C15452A, T15530C, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x J1b4 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, C16261T, C16278T, C16287T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x J1c (=J1c+G185T, 4812A, C16290T, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x J1c2m (old J1c2a) C16069T, T16126C, 16148T, A73G, 185A, 228A, A263G, C295T, 315.1C, C462T, T489C, 523DEL, 524DEL (close to JQ797801 from Romania and JQ797802 from West-Siberia (Khanty))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x J1d (=J1d+A15218G, T16519C) (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1d (Kurd from Iraq)
1x J1d3b (=J1d3b+10742G, T11353C, 12425G, T16519C (Kurmanji from Adıyaman and Gaziantep; now living in Konya area)
1x J2a1a1 C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16231C, C16261T, A73G, C150T, C152T, T195C, C198T, A215G, C295T, 315.1C, T319C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007
1x J2a1a1 (=J2a1a1+A10044G, G11914A, C16264T) (Kurd from Turkey)
3x J2b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x J2b1 (Kurd from Iraq/Iran)
1x J2d C16069T, T16126C, C16193T, A73G, C152T, A263G, C295T, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x JT with T16126C, C16067T, T16311C (=JT) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x K1a9 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x K1a T16093C, T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x K 16129, T16224C, T16311C (= K1a11 or K2b2) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
2x K with T16224C, T16311C, T16093C, C16260T (=K1a1+C16260T, or K1a17a+T16093C)(Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16240G (=K+A16240G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x K with T16224C, T16311C, A16272G (=K+A16272G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x L3e5 16037G, A16041G, C16223T, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C, T398C, 523DEL, 524DEL
(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x M/C (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x M1a1 G16129A, 16182C, 16183C, T16189C, C16223T, T16249C, T16311C, T16359C, C16360T, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, T489C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
5x N (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x N1b1 (=N1b1+C16176C, C1703A, C3921A, G7337A, T16519C) (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x N1b1 with C16223T, G16145A, C16176G (=N1b1) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x N2a with C16223T, T16086C, G16153A, G16319A (=N2a+T16086C) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x R (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
2x R0 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x R0 16519C, 16524C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x R0 16368C, 16519C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x R2 with C16071T, G16145A, C16234 (=R2 +G16145A+C16234) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x T* T16126C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16249C, C16294T, T16304C, A73G, T146C, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x T1a1'3 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, C16294T, A73G, T152C, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
4x T1 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x T1 (=T1a2b+C12633T, G5460A, G11914A, T16311C, (T16519C))(Feyli)
1x T1a7 T16126C, A16163G, C16186T, T16189C, G16274A, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, A512G (close to EU935435(Egypt) Kujanova and JQ798027 (Israel))(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, C16294T, A73G, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x T1b T16126C, A16163G, T16189C, T16243C, A16247G, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, 152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 524.1A, 524.2C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
3x T2 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x T2a1b2b with T16126C, C16294T, C16296T, C16256T, A16317G (=T2a1b2b +A16317G) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x T2b (Kurd from Turkey)
1x U1a'c A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C, A73G, T146C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C (similar to HM852844(Iranian 9) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a'c with A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, T16249C (=U1a'c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U1a1 A14070A, T16163C (Zaza)
1x U1a1 G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16224C, T16249C, T16288C, C16295T, A73G, C150T, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a1 A16183-, 16193.1C, C16193T.2C, T16249C, T72C, A73G, T195C, A263G, C285T, 309.1C, 315.1C, A385G (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U1a1a (Sorani) with A11467G, A12308G, G12372A, C285T, T12879C, A13104G, A14070G, G15148A, A15954C, T16249C, C2218T, G14364A, T16189C, G4991A, G6026A, T7581C, A385G, 3158.1T, G3591A, A13422G, G9575A, C2836T, G4659A, 573.1C, 573.2C, A10283G, (309.1C), (315.1C), (523-), (524-), (16182C), (16183C), (16519C) (=U1a1a; shares C2836T, G4659A mutation with Indian samples HM156682(India) Govindaraj) (fully sequenced here and here)
1x U1b C16111T, 16214A, T16249C, G16319A, C16327T, T16519C, A73G, T146C, T152C, A263G, C285T, 315.1C, 572T (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U2 (Alevi with Zaza ancestry)
1x U2e1a with A16051G, T152C, A508G, A3720G, A5390G, T5426C, C6045T, T6152C, A10876, T13020C, T13734C, A15907G, G16129C, T16362C, C340T, C11197T, T11732C, G7337A, A15218G, T16311C, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x U3 with A16343G (=U3) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U3a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U3a with C150T, A14139G, T15454C, A2294G, T4703C, G9266A, T6518A (flip!), A10506G, C13934T, G16390A, C2766A, 10790C, G16129A, 16257T, T16519C (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq); (similar to HM852895(Georgian45) Schoenberg also with C2766A)
1x U3c with A16343G, C16193T, T16249C (=U3c) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U3c C16193T, T16249C, A16343G, G16526A, A73G, C150T, A263G, 315.1C (close to HM852797(Azeri34) and HM852803(Azeri42) Schoenberg)(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U4 T16356C, T16519C, A73G, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, G499A, 524.1A, 524.2C
(Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U5 T16093C, T16189C, C16270T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U5a1 (Kurmanji from Dohuk)
1x U5a1a (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
4x U7 (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x U7 (Zaza from Turkey)
1x U7 C16069T, A16227G, C16278T, A16318C, T16359C (very close to HM852853(Turk 187) Schoenberg) (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 C16192T, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 T16243C, A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U7 A16309G, A16318T (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x U7a A16309G, A16318T, T16519C, A73G, C151T, T152C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523DEL, 524DEL (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16309G, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C150T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318C, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a4 T16126C, C16148T, A16318T, A73G, T146C, C151T, C152T, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U7a'5 G16129A, A16318T, A73G, C151T, C152T, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, A73G, G94A, T195C, A263G, 309.1C, 309.2C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
1x U8b1a1 A16066G, G16129A, C16169T, A16183C, T16189C, C16234T, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U8b C16111T, T16172C, A16183C, T16189C, T16311C (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x U8b (Feyli)
1x U8b (Zaza from Sivas, originally from Dersim)
1x W (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)
1x W C16223T, C16292T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x W3 G16153A, C16223T, C16292T, C16294T, T16519C, A73G, T152C, A189G, C194T, T195C, T199C, T204C, G207A, A263G, 309.1C, 315.1C (Kurds from Iraq; Al-Zahery et al., 2012)
1x W4a C16223T, C16292T, C16286T (Kurds from Iran; Quintana-Murci et al., 2004)
1x W6 with C16292T, C16192T, C16223T, T16324C (=W6) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x X with T16189C, C16278T, C16186T (=X+C16186T) (Kurds from Georgia; Comas et al., 2000)
1x X2e T16124C, A16182C, A16183C, T16189C, 16193.1C, T16223C, C16278T, T16325C, A73G, A153G, T195C, A263G, 308.1A, 309.1C, 315.1C, C338T (Kurds from Iran; Derenko et al., 2007)
Related post:
mtDNA of Kurds Part I
mtDNA of Kurds Part II
mtDNA of Kurds Part III
mtDNA of Kurds Part IV
mtDNA of Kurds V
Kurdish mtDNA data VI
Kurdish mtDNA data VII
Kurdish mtDNA data VIII
Kurdish mtDNA data IX
Cool. I was not really conscious of the other entries. This synthesis makes good sense, thanks.
ReplyDeleteGreat work Palisto!
ReplyDeleteWhat are those numbers next to the C4b? I have never seen them before and do not appear in my tree mutation map on 23andme.
Thanks StarDS9, you appear to have almost all specific mutations that define haplogroup C4b:
ReplyDeleteH2a2a1(rCRS) ⇨ 263G ⇨ H2a2a ⇨ 8860G 15326G ⇨ H2a2 ⇨ 750G ⇨ H2a ⇨ 4769G ⇨ H2 ⇨ 1438G ⇨ H ⇨ 2706G 7028T ⇨ HV ⇨ 14766T ⇨ R0 ⇨ 73G 11719A ⇨ R ⇨ 12705T 16223T ⇨ N ⇨ 8701G 9540C 10398G 10873C 15301A ⇨ L3 ⇨ 489C 10400T 14783C 15043A ⇨ M ⇨ 4715G 7196A 8584A 15487T 16298C ⇨ M8 ⇨ 3552A 9545G 11914A 13263G 14318C 16327T ⇨ C ⇨ 6026A 15204C ⇨ C4 ⇨ 2232.1A ⇨ C4a'b'c ⇨ 3816G ⇨ C4b
Interestingly, you don't have the A249 deletion that is common for the entire CZ branch and, additionally, you carry the specific mutations A248G and A14566G (, and T16519C but not so important). The mutations A248G and A14566G were not described for C4b before.
I think i'm entered twice, the latter is not me..
ReplyDelete1x J1b3b A73G, A263G, C295T, T489C, A750G, A1438G, A2706G, G3010A, T4216C, A4769G, C7028T, G8269A, A8460G, A8860G, A10398G, A11251G, G11719A, A12612G, G13708A, C14766T, A15326G, C15452A, T15530C, C16069T, T16126C, G16145A, C16222T, A16235G, C16261T (1/2 Alevi Kurmanji paternally, 1/2 Sunni Kurmanji maternally from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
1x H3 (1/2 Sunni, 1/2 Alevi Kurmanji from Bingol, Kighi, Turkey)
Thanks for letting me know, I fixed it now.
DeleteThanks Palisto
ReplyDeleteOn http://dna.jameslick.com/mthap/
I got C4b and C4b6 as the two possibilities, maybe it could be a new sub-clade.
It is offtopic but i think you guys should join Polako's new K19 project, i already let Zert know so..
ReplyDeletehttp://bga101.blogspot.com.au/2013/07/eurogenes-k19-recent-ancestry-test.html
The K19 run does not seem to be very accurate for Middle Eastern people. Assyrians, Armenians, Turks and Kurds have an "Italian" component. The Kurd13 individual has no "Middle Eastern" component.
DeleteIs the presence of mtdna U7, U8b and K in kurds from the Nativ population who are thete since this groups arise from U or are they linked to Scythians ?
ReplyDeleteK at least is known in the area (Syrian tells of the Euphrates) from the early Neolithic (PPNB), making up >25%. U was not detected in those samples, all the rest being (after I double-checked the HVS-I results) R* and L3*(xR), which may be N lineages.
Delete→ (Fernández 2005) http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/795;jsessionid=AADA24A0230FE2580C6657EE606E726E.tdx2
→ (Fernández 2008) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875176808000334
Titriş Höyük, near Urfa, produced for c. 3000 BCE (Matney 2010: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.1213/abstract;jsessionid=6B90F9E0FBE51BA1E26F84202D80CF6E.f03t01) 10 sequences of R*-CRS (most likely H) and two others of R* (maybe 100% H). This may be the only sequence from Kurdistan as such.
Tell Kurdu (which in spite of the name is not in Kurdistan but near Antakya) produced three seemingly H3 squences (Amuq-Biblos C period, with Cardium Pottery influences from the West, since c. 6000 BCE) and a number of unclear ones. But the study (R. Özbal 2010) does not seem available online, so I'm telling second hand.
For a later ("Sumerian") period in Mari, U4, H, R*, J and L2 were reported in the Euphrates tells of Syria (not double-checked, again from Fernández 2005); Tomczyk 2010 reported a single K sequence at Terqa (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.1150/abstract); weeks ago three "anomalous" haplogroups were reported also for Terqa (Witas 2013: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073682): M4b, M49 and M61, attributed to some connection with South Asia.
So K and H particularly seem quite old. K may well be aboriginal paleolithic, H has been over in the region since at least the later Neolithic and in Kurdistan since at least 5000 years ago (Bronze Age). U4, J, L2 and some now very rare "Indian" lineages too. U7 and U8 however have not yet been reported but neither most of Kurdistan nor nearby Iran, Iraq nor Caucasus (nor most of Turkey and Syria either) have ever been sampled for aDNA, so there is wide room for doubt.
Ashkenazi jews who have i think scythian ancestors have mtdna K and its found in Xinjan too (iranic people) and the whole y-dna there was R1a1a .
ReplyDeleteThats why im asking are mtdna K and their realitiv U lineages arise from U* in today Iran or levant about 60'000 years ago and stayed there or are these people came with the Scythians and other aryans together with R1a1a
In my understanding Western Jews (Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Moroccan...) originate somewhere near Cyprus, possibly somewhere in Turkey or a wider area around that zone, which was one of the most dense areas of the Jewish Diaspora in the Hellenistic and Roman period. This classical Diaspora was essentially made up of converts, rather than migrants from Palestine, because in those times Judaism was actively proselytistic (it only became a "ghetto religion" with the expansion of its offshoots: Christianity and Islam, which tolerated it but did not allow it to proselytize anymore).
DeleteIn addition to that, Ashkenazi and Moroccan communities seem to have very strong founder effects, while Sephardites from Turkey and Greece seem more diverse and are probably the parent population of the other groups.
All this does not mean that they do not have some admixture with host populations, including probably some Khazarian ancestry (another convert population) in the case of (mostly) Russian Jews, which is what you may mean by "Scythian", I guess. But not at levels high enough to matter too much.
U lineages have been found in large numbers in Paleolithic Europe (almost the only sampled area for Paleolithic times worldwide), specifically: U*, U2, U4, U5 and U8*. This means that U surely spread, as you say, some 60 (or 50 or 40) Ka ago and that each sublineage had their own story since then (although sometimes they are found together, notably U5 and U4).
U8b(xK) is only found AFAIK in West Asia and Italy, while its relative U8a is almost only found among Basques (plus some erratics in West Europe). However K had some sort of massive expansion and a likely timeline for that is the Neolithic. The fact that it's found in Syrian PPNB before anywhere else seems consistent with an expansion from West Asia in several directions (but especially to some regions of Europe).
U7 on the other hand is more restricted to West, Central and South Asia. I guess that you can associate it with Iranian flows but it's so far just a tentative association, with no clear positive support AFAIK. Alternatively it could well be a lineage of the eastern branches of Neolithic or just have been in all those areas since Paleolithic times (or a bit of all them).
We do not know to what extent but it's very likely that many of the migrations, especially in the Metal Ages (such as the Indo-Iranian ones), implied mostly male flows (and even minority ones, as conquest and social stratification was already very much the norm) and that not so many women arrived with the conquerors, who often took wives or concubines among the local women instead. Discerning the approximate levels of immigrant and persisting native blood is not really possible until more archaeogenetic data is available, I fear.
Thx for the information.
DeleteIt seems that U, K lineages in middle east are mostly Paleolithic, in Iranic peoples its the most common mtdna group i think tgether with K, U* lived somewehere in today Iran (tosome maps that i have seen) my mtdna is K and maybe Nativ how in other iranic people
The U5 seems ti be from Europe since two are for sure under deep subclades U5a1 and U5a1a. probably the same for the U2 which one was under deep subclade U2e1a. There are two 31,155 year old U5 samples in Czech republic and a 37,985 year old U2 sample in European Russia. both U2e, U4, and U5a and U5a1a have been found in Mesloithic European hunter gathers. Also since Kurds speak a Indo Iranian language. It's ancestral form came out of Russian Yamna culture about 5,000ybp then spreading into asia. U5a1a and U2e1 have been found in Indo Iranians of central asia ones that show they were pale pigmentated like Europeans so straight from the Russian Yamna people. So that is probably the source of their U2, U5, and U4. T1 is very popular in Indo Iranian remains in bronze and iron age something unique about them. Even though T1 probably came to Europe pretty recently from the Near east maybe Neloithic. I think it woukd make sense Kurdish T1 was already there but it may also have partly come with Indo Iranian languages. H5 is also in Indo Iranian mtDNA samples but probably came to Europe in Neolithic from the Near east. Overall at least 3% of Kurdish mtDNA came with Indo Iranian languages while over 10% of the Y DNA did mainly R1a1a1b2 Z93. I am surprised by how popular HV is in the Near east mainly around Iraq. They have mainly near eatern U subclades U1,U3, and U7.
ReplyDeleteYou show 182 mtDNA samples on your list not 178. Is there some repeats on the list.
ReplyDeleteKurdish mtDNA
N=182
U=39 21.4%(all with subclade shown): U7=15 38.4%(4 with subclade shown) U7a=4(U7a4=3, U7a’5=1), U1=8 19%(all with subclade shown) U1a=7(U1a1=4(U1a1a=1), U1a’c=2), U1b=1), U8b=5 12.8%(U8b1a1=2), U3=5 12.8%(U3a=2, U3c=2), U5=3 7.7%(U5a1=2(U5a1a=1), U4=1 2.56%, U2=2 5.13%(U2e1a=1)
H=31 17%(9 with subclade shown)H5=3(H5a1=1, H5’36=1), H15=3(H15b=2, H15a1=1), H14=2(H14a=1, H14b=1), H13a2b2=1
J=27 14.8%(all with subclade shown) J1=19 70.4%(J1b=14(J1b1b1=5, J1b2=3, J1b3=2(J1b3b=1), J1b4=1), J1d=3(J1d3b=1), J1c=2(J1c2m=1), J2=7(J2a1a1=2, J2b=2(J2b1=1), J2d=1), J*=1
T=15 8.2%(all with subclade shown) T1=9(T1a=2(T1a7=1, T1a1’3=1), T1b=2), T2=5(T2a1b2=1, T2b=1)
HV=15 8.2%(7 with subclade shown) HV1=3(HV1a1=2), HV*=2, HV2=2, HV14=1
N=14 7.7%(5 with subclade shown) N1b=4(N1b1=3), N2a=1
K=9 5%(2 with subclade shown): K1a=2(K1a9=1)
R=6 3.3%(RO=4, R=1, R2=1)
I=6 3.3%(I1a=2(I1a1d=1), I5a=2
W=5 2.8%(W3=1, W4a=1, W6=1)
D=5 2.7%(D4=3)
X=2 1.1%(X2e=1)
C=2 1.1%(C4b=1)
G2a=1 0.55%
L3e5=1 0.55%
M/C=1 0.55%
M1a1=1 0.55%
JT=1 0.55%
B4b1a=1 0.55%
Thanks, 178 mtDNA samples is correct; I found the bug. I wrote "9x N (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011) ", however, it is 9% N in the paper (5/55=9%). I corrected it now:
Delete"5x N (Kurds from Saqqez, Kurdistan-Iran; Farjadian et al., 2011)"
Hello Palisto here is another study you could add to the list.
ReplyDeleteLucia Simoni, Francesc Calafell, Davide Pettener, Jaume Bertranpetit, and Guido Barbujani, Geographic Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe, American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 66 (2000), pp. 262–278.
The Kurdish data in this paper are based on Comas et al., 2000. I included Comas et al., 2000 already.
Deletehere is another study about Kurdish mtDNA, don't know if they are already added.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/AJHG2004.pdf
This is Quintana-Murci et al., 2004. I included Quintana-Murci et al., 2004 already.
Delete