Just another update:
1x E1b1b1c1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x G2a (Alevi Kurmanji from Turkey)
2x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1c3 (Sorani from Iran)
1x J2 (Kurmanji from Turkey)
1x J2a3a (J2a1a at 23andme; J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi from Iraq)
1x T (Sorani from Koysinjaq/Iraq)
1x R2a (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1b1a2* (Kurmanji from Zakho/Iraq)
1x R1b1b2a (Zaza from Turkey)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-)(Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, subclade 3 only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim/Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim/Turkey)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*) (Sorani from Sulaymaniyah/Iraq)
More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VIII
Sunday, May 20, 2012
Friday, May 18, 2012
The In-Laws
Today, I want to show you some old, old Kurdish words.
To address a relationship towards something or somebody, in English you can use the word "self", e.g. myself, yourself, itself, etc.
The Proto-Germanic root of the word "self" is *sel-bho-, which originated from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *s(w)e. The same word can be found in Sanskrit, the ancient language of India, ("svah"), in Avestan, the oldest recorded Iranian language, ("hva"), in Old Persian ("huva" or "khva"; e.g. in "khva-data"="lord", literally "created from oneself"). The starting "S" mostly disappeared in Iranian languages. In Modern Kurdish and Farsi, you can still find this word, it changed from Old Iranian "khva" to "xo" and "kho", respectively.
Just a reminder, the pronunciation of the Kurdish letter "x" is equivalent to "kh" used in Farsi and "ch" used in German (e.g. German: "Woche"="week"), e.g. "Kazakhstan" (the word "Khaki" is also mispronounced in English; it means "greyish" or "dusty").
Example:
English: I go myself.
Sorani Kurdish: (Min) xom darom.
Farsi: (Man) khodam miram.
So back to the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *s(w)e.
After marriage, the family of the wife and husband become part of one family. To address the new relationships within this larger family new words were created. All these new words have their roots in the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word *s(w)e.
To address a relationship towards something or somebody, in English you can use the word "self", e.g. myself, yourself, itself, etc.
The Proto-Germanic root of the word "self" is *sel-bho-, which originated from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *s(w)e. The same word can be found in Sanskrit, the ancient language of India, ("svah"), in Avestan, the oldest recorded Iranian language, ("hva"), in Old Persian ("huva" or "khva"; e.g. in "khva-data"="lord", literally "created from oneself"). The starting "S" mostly disappeared in Iranian languages. In Modern Kurdish and Farsi, you can still find this word, it changed from Old Iranian "khva" to "xo" and "kho", respectively.
Just a reminder, the pronunciation of the Kurdish letter "x" is equivalent to "kh" used in Farsi and "ch" used in German (e.g. German: "Woche"="week"), e.g. "Kazakhstan" (the word "Khaki" is also mispronounced in English; it means "greyish" or "dusty").
Example:
English: I go myself.
Sorani Kurdish: (Min) xom darom.
Farsi: (Man) khodam miram.
So back to the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *s(w)e.
After marriage, the family of the wife and husband become part of one family. To address the new relationships within this larger family new words were created. All these new words have their roots in the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word *s(w)e.
The mother-in-law is the "Self"-Mother:
Latin: socrus
Sankrit: śvaśrú
Kurdish: xasu
Armenian: skėsur
Gothic: swaihro
Welsh: chwegr
Old High German: swigar
German: Schwiegermutter
The father-in-law:
Latin: socer
Sanskrit: śváśura
Kurdish: xazûr
Lithuanian: šesuras
Gothic: swaihra
Welsh: chwegrwn
Albanian: vjéhërr
Old High German: swehur
German: Schwiegervater
In-laws:
Kurdish: xezan
Relatives:
Kurdish: xizim
The starting "S" mostly disappeared in Iranian languages (see Sanskrit versus Kurdish words above), but not always:
The brother-in-law and husband:
Old High German: swâgur (brother-in-law)
German: Schwager (brother-in-law)
Sanskrit: śvaśurya (brother-in-law)
Farsi: šouhar (husband)
Kurdish: şû kirdin ("to marry")*
*In Kurdish, there are two versions for "to marry":
Men say: "jin henan" ("to get/bring a woman")
Women say: "şû kirdin" ("to make a husband")
Thursday, May 17, 2012
mtDNA of Kurds Part IV
Just an update:
1x C4b (Alevi Kurmanji)
1x H5a1 (Sorani)
1x H13a2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x H14 (Yezidi)
1x H15a (Sorani; mtDNA fully sequenced here and here)
1x H15b (Sorani)
1x HV (Sorani)
1x HV (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x J1b (Sorani)
1x J1c (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x J2a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x N1b1 (Alevi)
1x U1a1 (Zaza)
1x U1a1 (Sorani)
1x U8b (Feyli)
1x C4b (Alevi Kurmanji)
1x H5a1 (Sorani)
1x H13a2 (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x H14 (Yezidi)
1x H15a (Sorani; mtDNA fully sequenced here and here)
1x H15b (Sorani)
1x HV (Sorani)
1x HV (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x J1b (Sorani)
1x J1c (Alevi Kurmanji from Dersim)
1x J2a1a (Kurd from Turkey)
1x N1b1 (Alevi)
1x U1a1 (Zaza)
1x U1a1 (Sorani)
1x U8b (Feyli)
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Kurdish Y-DNA Part IV
Just another update:
1x E1b1b1c1a (Alevi)
1x G2a (Alevi)
2x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1c3 (Sorani)
1x J2 (Kurd from Turkey)
1x J2a3a (J2a1a at 23andme; J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi)
1x T (Sorani)
1x R2a (Sorani)
1x R1b1a2* (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x R1b1b2a (Zaza)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan; from Canbegî or Cihanbegli Clan)
1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-)(Sorani)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, subclade 3 only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*) (Sorani)
More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VIII
1x E1b1b1c1a (Alevi)
1x G2a (Alevi)
2x J1 (Feyli, originally from Iran)
1x J1c3 (Sorani)
1x J2 (Kurd from Turkey)
1x J2a3a (J2a1a at 23andme; J2a4a at ISOGG 2009; he is M47+, M322+)(Yezidi)
1x T (Sorani)
1x R2a (Sorani)
1x R1b1a2* (Kurmanji from Zakho)
1x R1b1b2a (Zaza)
1x R1b1 (P25+)(Kurmanji from Maras/Elbistan; from Canbegî or Cihanbegli Clan)
1x R1a1a (Z93+, L342+, L657-)(Sorani)
1x R1a1a (Z283+, subclade 3 only his paternal great-grandfather is Kurdish from Turkey)
1x R1a1a (Alevi Zaza from Dersim)
1x I2a2a* (old I2b1*) (Sorani)
More data can be found here:
Kurdish Y-DNA Part I
Kurdish Y-DNA Part II
Kurdish Y-DNA Part III
Kurdish Y-DNA Part V
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VI
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VII
Kurdish Y-DNA Part VIII
Deep look into R1a1a
I tried to analyze the currently available STR data for Kurds having the Y-haplogroup R1a1a.
I will focus on these STRs:
DYS393 DYS390 DYS19 DYS391 DYS385a DYS385b DYS426 DYS388 DYS439 DYS389i DYS392 DYS389ii DYS458 DYS459a DYS459b DYS455 DYS454 DYS447 DYS437 DYS448 DYS449 DYS464a DYS464b DYS464c DYS464d DYS460 Y-GATA-H4 YCAIIa YCAIIb DYS456
The ranking is sorted by similarity: (number of equal STRs/number of comparable STRs**) in percentage (%)
**comparable STRs= STRs that got tested by both sides that were compared
Let's start with H1483, he is being tested as Z93+ L342+ (L657-)
In this case the STR results fit with the known SNP results. H1483 is sharing the highest similarity with other people that are Z93+ L342+.
The next individual that I want to compare is 214352, he is being tested as Z283+ M417+ (Z93- Z280- Pk5- P98- M64.2- M56- M458- M434- M334- M157.1- L260- L176.1- L175- Z284-)
Here, the STR results do not fit with the known SNP results. 214352 is sharing a relatively high similarity not only with other people that are Z283+ but also with some that are Z283- and/or are not even R1a. He belongs to the root of Z283+. We already know that his genetic results are special and intriguing.
Besides the two previously described individuals we now have a 3rd individual with R1a1a. He is a Zaza Alevi from Dersim. He is AXYH2. He did not get any SNPs tested, so I have to focus on his STR results.
Let's compare him to others:
The picture is not clear but if I would have to predict his SNPs, I would guess Z93+.
Same exercise as before but this time with 37 STRs:
DYS393 DYS390 DYS19 DYS391 DYS385a DYS385b DYS426 DYS388 DYS439 DYS389i DYS392 DYS389ii DYS458 DYS459a DYS459b DYS455 DYS454 DYS447 DYS437 DYS448 DYS449 DYS464a DYS464b DYS464c DYS464d DYS460 Y-GATA-H4 YCAIIa YCAIIb DYS456 DYS 607 DYS 576 DYS 570 CDY a CDY b DYS 442 DYS 438
Let's start with H1483 again, he is being tested as Z93+ L342+ (L657-). Here, I could not compare 37 STRs but only 32 STRs.
Next is 214352, he is being tested as Z283+ M417+ (Z93- Z280- Pk5- P98- M64.2- M56- M458- M434- M334- M157.1- L260- L176.1- L175- Z284-).
Latest R1a1a individual is AXYH2. He did not get any SNPs tested, so I have to focus on his STR results.
I will focus on these STRs:
DYS393 DYS390 DYS19 DYS391 DYS385a DYS385b DYS426 DYS388 DYS439 DYS389i DYS392 DYS389ii DYS458 DYS459a DYS459b DYS455 DYS454 DYS447 DYS437 DYS448 DYS449 DYS464a DYS464b DYS464c DYS464d DYS460 Y-GATA-H4 YCAIIa YCAIIb DYS456
The ranking is sorted by similarity: (number of equal STRs/number of comparable STRs**) in percentage (%)
**comparable STRs= STRs that got tested by both sides that were compared
Let's start with H1483, he is being tested as Z93+ L342+ (L657-)
In this case the STR results fit with the known SNP results. H1483 is sharing the highest similarity with other people that are Z93+ L342+.
The next individual that I want to compare is 214352, he is being tested as Z283+ M417+ (Z93- Z280- Pk5- P98- M64.2- M56- M458- M434- M334- M157.1- L260- L176.1- L175- Z284-)
Here, the STR results do not fit with the known SNP results. 214352 is sharing a relatively high similarity not only with other people that are Z283+ but also with some that are Z283- and/or are not even R1a. He belongs to the root of Z283+. We already know that his genetic results are special and intriguing.
Besides the two previously described individuals we now have a 3rd individual with R1a1a. He is a Zaza Alevi from Dersim. He is AXYH2. He did not get any SNPs tested, so I have to focus on his STR results.
Let's compare him to others:
The picture is not clear but if I would have to predict his SNPs, I would guess Z93+.
Same exercise as before but this time with 37 STRs:
DYS393 DYS390 DYS19 DYS391 DYS385a DYS385b DYS426 DYS388 DYS439 DYS389i DYS392 DYS389ii DYS458 DYS459a DYS459b DYS455 DYS454 DYS447 DYS437 DYS448 DYS449 DYS464a DYS464b DYS464c DYS464d DYS460 Y-GATA-H4 YCAIIa YCAIIb DYS456 DYS 607 DYS 576 DYS 570 CDY a CDY b DYS 442 DYS 438
Let's start with H1483 again, he is being tested as Z93+ L342+ (L657-). Here, I could not compare 37 STRs but only 32 STRs.
Next is 214352, he is being tested as Z283+ M417+ (Z93- Z280- Pk5- P98- M64.2- M56- M458- M434- M334- M157.1- L260- L176.1- L175- Z284-).
Latest R1a1a individual is AXYH2. He did not get any SNPs tested, so I have to focus on his STR results.
